{"id":3426,"date":"2016-05-25T15:23:21","date_gmt":"2016-05-25T07:23:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/?p=3426"},"modified":"2026-10-05T13:03:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T05:03:24","slug":"gm124m-standard-automotive-steel-tubing-fluid-handling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/ar\/gm124m-standard-automotive-steel-tubing-fluid-handling\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a GM123M \u0648GM124M \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\">\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1.1 GM123M.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0647\u064a. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1.2 GM124M.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Tubing-Construction.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a GM123M \u0648GM124M\" class=\"wp-image-3431\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0661.\u0663 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f 3.1 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (ID).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0661.\u0664 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 GM123M \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 GM124M \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.1 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"\/standard\/astm-a254-standard-specification-copper-brazed-steel-tubing\/\">ASTM A254<\/a><br>SAE J463<br>ASTM A875<br>SAE J526<br>ASTM B117<br><a href=\"\/standard\/sae-j527-brazed-double-wall-low-carbon-steel-tubing\/\">SAE J527<\/a><br>ASTM B750<br>SAE J533<br>ASTM E8<br>SAE J1290<br>SAE J403<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.2 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\/\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0632 (GM).<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">9985670<br>GM9505P<br>GM4298P<br>GM9508P<br>GM4465P<br>GM9509P<br>GM4653M<br>GM9540P<br>GM6277M<br>GMW3001<br>GM9071P<br>GMW3059<br>GM9102P<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.3 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f GMPT \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a GM Powertrain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 GMPT-6-006 \u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 TF2<br>\u2022 GMPT-5-005 \u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a<br>\u2022 GMPT-5-001 #2 \u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644<br>\u2022 GMPT-6-019 \u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f<br>\u2022 GMPT-6-023 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f E85 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a (pHe)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0663.\u0661 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0641\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1006 \u0623\u0648 1008 \u0623\u0648 1010 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 SAE J403. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 SAE J463\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 UNS C51000.<br>GM123M (I\/II\/III\/IV\/V)<br>GM124M (I\/II\/III\/IV\/V\/VI)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2018I\u2019 = \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633: \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0641 B \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0641 W.<br>B = \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u060c W = \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627<br>\u2018II\u2019 = \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 (\u0645\u0645)<br>\u2018III\u2019 = \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 (\u0645\u0645)<br>\u2018IV\u2019 = \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 (*)<br>\u2018V\u2019 = Automotive<br>\u2018VI\u2019 = \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 (**)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(*) \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><br>\u0623 = \u0645\u064f\u0644\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0646<br>P = \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0633<br>U = \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0644\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0646 (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645)<br>\u062c = \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<br>F = \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645<br>E = \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064d \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<br>\u0646 = \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 11 \u0623\u0648 12 \u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c<br>\u062c = \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u064a \u0660\u066b\u0660\u0660\u0669 \u0645\u0645 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645\/\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u062c\u0661\u0663 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0660\u066b\u0660\u0661\u0663 \u0645\u0645 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(**) \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/strong><br>\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a = \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a<br>P = \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0633<br>Ni = \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<br>GM124M (W\/6.00\/0.7\/AGE\/V\/Ni) \u2013 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0630\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a 6 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 0.7 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0642\u0651\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a automobile\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0663.\u0662 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u061b \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0663.\u0662.\u0661 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM E8. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 SAE J526 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 SAE J527 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0663.\u0662.\u0662 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643 \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0661 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0661\u0660 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0662\u0660\u066a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 (\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM A254\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0666.\u0663). \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0663.\u0662.\u0663 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u062d\u062a\u0649 10.0 \u0645\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..35 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<br>\u2022 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10.0 \u062d\u062a\u0649 16.0 \u0645\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u2026\u2026.15 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0663.\u0663 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0663.\u0663.\u0661 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 SAE J526. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 11 \u0623\u0648 12 (GN) \u0641\u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0663.\u0663.\u0661.\u0661 \u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644.<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0629 (\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0660\u066b\u0661\u0665 \u0645\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0629).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0663.\u0663.\u0662 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633.<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 SAE J527. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a (OD) \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 11 \u0623\u0648 12\u060c GN\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0663.\u0663.\u0663 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064f\u0648\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0629.<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0663.\u0663.\u0663.\u0661 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 SAE \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 SAE J533.<br>\u0663.\u0663.\u0663.\u0662 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 ISO \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 SAE J1290.<br>\u0663.\u0663.\u0663.\u0663 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 GM123M (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0629)\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 S1 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM A254.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0663.\u0664 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1: \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0633<\/td><td>&nbsp;P<\/td><td>\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 (\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1006 \u0623\u0648 1008 \u0623\u0648 1010 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 SAE J403)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td><td>&nbsp;G<\/td><td>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 5% \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM B750<br><strong>\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621:<\/strong> \u0665\u0660 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0645\u00b2 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\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td><td>&nbsp;\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/td><td>&nbsp;\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u2013 \u0646\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0661\u0661 \u0623\u0648 \u0661\u0662 \u0645\u0642\u0630\u0648\u0641<\/td><td>GN<\/td><td>\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0661\u0661 \u0623\u0648 \u0661\u0662.<br><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631:<\/strong>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a.<br><strong>\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645:<\/strong>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 11 \u0623\u0648 12 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 150 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0623. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a 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\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 GN \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 GN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td>&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a (\u0645\u0645)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>&nbsp;\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;4.76<\/td><td>5.28<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td>6.65<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6.35<\/td><td>6.87<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;7.94<\/td><td>8.46<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;8<\/td><td>8.52<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9.53<\/td><td>10.05<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;10<\/td><td>10.52<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;11.11<\/td><td>11.65<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;12.7<\/td><td>13.24<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;14.29<\/td><td>14.83<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;15.88<\/td><td>16.42<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.5 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 (GE\u060c GN \u0648Ni).<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.5.1 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d (GM4298P).<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0663. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0663 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0650\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645.<br>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.5.1.1 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u2013 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 (GE).<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 GE \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0661\u0660\u0660\u0660 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 GM4298P\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 (Creepback) \u0661,\u0665 \u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 GM9102P)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 GM4298P \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0641\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.5.1.2 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u2013 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 11 \u0623\u0648 12 \u0645\u64e0\u064e\u0651\u062f (GN): \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d (GM9508P\u060c GM4298P).<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0663) \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 GM9508P\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064f\u0651\u0636 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0662\u0664 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM B117 \u0623\u0648 GM4298P.<br>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1 \u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f 2000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0639\u062f 2000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.5.2 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 (GM4465P\u060c GM9071P).<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0629 (GE) \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 96 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 GM4465P. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 GM9071P\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064d \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0634 \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 99%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.5.3 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 (Ni) (GM4465P\u060c GM9071P).<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644 100 \u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 4. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0635 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 30\u00b0 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 168 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 GM4465P \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627). \u0648\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<br>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627) \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0632 (GM).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.5.4 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a (GM9509P).<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0629 (GE) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 MEK \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 GM9509P \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 50 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.5.5 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644.<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.5.5.1 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0629 (GE) \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0644\u064a\u064f\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u063a\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 24 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0644 (GM4653M)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 TF2 (GMPT-6-006)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a (GMPT-5-005)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2 (GMPT-5-001)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f (GMPT-6-019)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644\u064a E85 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a (GMPT-6-023). \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 3\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645.<br>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f GMPT \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a GM Powertrain. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 GM. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 (suffix level) \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 GM Powertrain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.5.5.2 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u2013 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 11 \u0623\u0648 12 \u0645\u64e0\u064e\u0651\u062f (GN).<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3.5.5.2.1 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0668\u0660 \u0645\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0662\u066b\u0664 \u00b1 \u0660\u066b\u0661 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u064a (Stanley) \u0628\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0669\u0669\u0625\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0644\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0663 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0663. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062c\u0641\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 3: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 (\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>&nbsp;\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u00b0\u0645)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/td><td>&nbsp;504<\/td><td>&nbsp;23 \u00b1 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0644 (GM4653M)<\/td><td>&nbsp;504<\/td><td>&nbsp;60 \u00b1 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f (GMPT-6-019)<\/td><td>&nbsp;504<\/td><td>&nbsp;23 \u00b1 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;TF2 (GMPT-6-006)<\/td><td>&nbsp;504<\/td><td>&nbsp;23 \u00b1 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a (GMPT-5-005)<\/td><td>&nbsp;504<\/td><td>&nbsp;23 \u00b1 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2 (GMPT-5-001)<\/td><td>&nbsp;504<\/td><td>&nbsp;23 \u00b1 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 E85 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629 (GMPT-6-023)<\/td><td>&nbsp;504<\/td><td>&nbsp;23 \u00b1 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 (GM6277M)<\/td><td>&nbsp;504<\/td><td>&nbsp;23 \u00b1 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a (9985670)<\/td><td>&nbsp;504<\/td><td>&nbsp;23 \u00b1 2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3.5.5.2.2 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u064f\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644. \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u0634\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u064f\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3.5.5.2.3 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637&nbsp;\u0641\u0634\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.5.5.3 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (ID).<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644 100 \u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 5. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 504 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 60\u00b0\u0645 (\u0623\u0648 90\u00b0\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a (GMPT-5-005)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2 (GMPT-5-001)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f (GMPT-6-019)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 (GMPT-6-020*) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 85% \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a (GMPT-6-023). \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 504 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u0634 \u2014 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627). \u0648\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627) \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0632.<br>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f GMPT \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a GM Powertrain. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 GM. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 (suffix level) \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 GM Powertrain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.5.6 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a (GM9505P\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 J \u0623\u0648 GM9540P).<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.5.6.1 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0629 (GE) \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621&nbsp; \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 3) \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0636 \u0644\u064010 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u064a 20 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627) \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 GM9505P (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 J) \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 GM9540P \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 D. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 14 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 10.0 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 7 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0645\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636.<br>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<br>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 GM \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 PPAP \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Corrosion-Test-Sample.jpg\" alt=\"\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a GM123M \u0648GM124M\" class=\"wp-image-3433\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"427\" height=\"348\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Humidity-Test-Sample-for-Ni-ID.jpg\" alt=\"\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a GM123M \u0648GM124M \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\" class=\"wp-image-3434\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Humidity-Test-Sample-for-Ni-ID.jpg 427w, https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Humidity-Test-Sample-for-Ni-ID-300x244.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 427px) 100vw, 427px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"427\" height=\"304\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fluid-Soak-Test-Sample-for-Ni-ID.jpg\" alt=\"\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a GM123M \u0648GM124M \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\" class=\"wp-image-3435\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fluid-Soak-Test-Sample-for-Ni-ID.jpg 427w, https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fluid-Soak-Test-Sample-for-Ni-ID-300x214.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 427px) 100vw, 427px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.5.6.2 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u2013 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 11 \u0623\u0648 12 \u0645\u64e0\u064e\u0651\u062f (GN).<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 GM9505P\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 J\u060c \u0661\u0660 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0662\u0660 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627). \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0637\u064e\u0651\u0637 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0664 \u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0662\u066b\u0664 \u00b1 \u0660\u066b\u0661 \u0645\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 GM9505P\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 J\u060c \u0661\u0660 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0662\u0660 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627) \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0662\u0664 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0650\u0651. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0661\u0664 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0661\u0660\u066b\u0660 \u0645\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0667 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0661\u0660 \u0645\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 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\u0628\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<br>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.6 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 (Flare Forming) \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.6.1 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a 0.20 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM A254\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 8 (\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a).<br>3.6.2 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.8 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0645.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064f\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0665 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.1 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 GMW3001\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<br>\u0665.\u0662 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 GMW3059 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u0644\u064e\u0651\u063a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>6 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0632 (GM Materials File)\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 MATSPC \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0623 \u2014 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u06231 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 (\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644) \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (ID) \u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a (OD) \u0645\u0643\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0632\u0646\u0643-\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u063a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0661\u0661 \u0623\u0648 \u0661\u0662 \u0645\u64e0\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 GM123M\/GM124M\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0661 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 (GE)\u060c (GN) \u0623\u0648 (Ni). \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 (\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644) \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (ID) \u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a (OD) \u0645\u0643\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0632\u0646\u0643-\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u063a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0661\u0661 \u0623\u0648 \u0661\u0662 \u0645\u64e0\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 GM123M\/GM124M\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0661 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 (GE)\u060c (GN) \u0623\u0648 (Ni).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u06232 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GM123M<br>GM124M<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u06233 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06233.1 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a<br>\u06233.2 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u06234 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f 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\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062e. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062a\u064f\u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a) \u0628\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0637\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062c\u0641\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u06235.2 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u0649 &amp; \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06235.2.1 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u064e\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629.<br>\u06235.2.2 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 500\u00d7 \u0623\u0648 1000\u00d7.<br>\u06235.2.3 \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<br>\u06235.2.4 \u0642\u0633\u0650\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u064f\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0650\u0651\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 12. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062f\u0650\u0651\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a 3 \u06486 \u06489 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 12. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u064f\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0630 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u06232 \u0648\u06233). \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u064f\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 12 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u2014 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647.<br>\u06235.2.5 \u0633\u062c\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a GM123M\/GM124M. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u062c\u064a \u0625\u064a\/\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>GN<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u062c\u064a \u0625\u064a\/\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/td><td>&nbsp;3.0<\/td><td>&nbsp;3.0<\/td><td>&nbsp;3.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u063a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/td><td>&nbsp;3.0<\/td><td>&nbsp;&#8211;<\/td><td>&nbsp;3.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 11 \u0623\u0648 12 (\u0628\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u03bcm)<\/td><td>&nbsp;&#8211;<\/td><td>&nbsp;150<\/td><td>&nbsp;&#8211;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644<\/td><td>&nbsp;&#8211;<\/td><td>&nbsp;&#8211;<\/td><td>&nbsp;3.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-image-3437\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"438\" height=\"347\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/View-of-the-Foil-Wrap-Around-the-Tube-Cross-Section-Prio-to-Mounting.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u06231: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a. \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0648\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0637\u062d\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.\" class=\"wp-image-3437\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/View-of-the-Foil-Wrap-Around-the-Tube-Cross-Section-Prio-to-Mounting.jpg 438w, https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/View-of-the-Foil-Wrap-Around-the-Tube-Cross-Section-Prio-to-Mounting-300x238.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 438px) 100vw, 438px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u06231: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a. \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0648\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0637\u062d\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/strong>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-image-3438\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"440\" height=\"303\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Tubing-Cross-Sectional-View-with-Quadrants-and-Thickness-Reading-Locations.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u06232: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u06233 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629).\" class=\"wp-image-3438\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Tubing-Cross-Sectional-View-with-Quadrants-and-Thickness-Reading-Locations.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Tubing-Cross-Sectional-View-with-Quadrants-and-Thickness-Reading-Locations-300x207.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u06232: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u06233 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629).<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-image-3439\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"386\" height=\"340\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Exploded-View-of-the-Individual-Films-Shown-After-Metallographic-Sample-Preparation.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u06233: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a.\" class=\"wp-image-3439\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Exploded-View-of-the-Individual-Films-Shown-After-Metallographic-Sample-Preparation.jpg 386w, https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Exploded-View-of-the-Individual-Films-Shown-After-Metallographic-Sample-Preparation-300x264.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 386px) 100vw, 386px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u06233: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" charset=\"utf-8\" src=\"http:\/\/w.sharethis.com\/widget\/?wp=7.1.2\"><\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629. 1 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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