{"id":3557,"date":"2018-04-07T20:02:15","date_gmt":"2018-04-07T12:02:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/?p=3557"},"modified":"2026-10-05T13:03:23","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T05:03:23","slug":"indian-standard-8119-specification-copper-brazed-steel-tubing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/ar\/indian-standard-8119-specification-copper-brazed-steel-tubing\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u2013 IS 8119: \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">0. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">0.1 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629&nbsp; \u0641\u064a 15 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1976\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a.<br>0.2 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u064e\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f&nbsp;\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0646\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0650\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646.<br>0.3 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM A254-1970 \u00ab\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (ASTM).<br>0.4 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064c \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IS : 2-1960*. \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.1 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<br>2. \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f 2.1 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 IS : 1387-1967.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<br>\u0663.\u0661 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u064f\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u063a\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a.&nbsp;<br>\u0663.\u0662 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644.<br>\u0663.\u0663 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0661 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0661.<br>\u0663.\u0664 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0662 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0662.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-3558\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"514\" height=\"272\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/FIG.-1-Class-1-Brazed-Tubes-Double-Wall-360-Brazed-Construction.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0661: \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0661\u060c \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0663\u0666\u0660 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\" class=\"wp-image-3558\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FIG.-1-Class-1-Brazed-Tubes-Double-Wall-360-Brazed-Construction.jpg 514w, https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FIG.-1-Class-1-Brazed-Tubes-Double-Wall-360-Brazed-Construction-300x159.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 514px) 100vw, 514px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0661: \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0661\u060c \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0663\u0666\u0660 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-3559\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"516\" height=\"225\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/FIG.-2.-Class-2-Brazed-Tubes-Single-Wall-Construction.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0662: \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0662\u060c \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\" class=\"wp-image-3559\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FIG.-2.-Class-2-Brazed-Tubes-Single-Wall-Construction.jpg 516w, https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FIG.-2.-Class-2-Brazed-Tubes-Single-Wall-Construction-300x131.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 516px) 100vw, 516px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0662: \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0662\u060c \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0664.\u0661 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 IS: 228\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>&nbsp;\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/td><td>&nbsp;0.10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645anganese<\/td><td>&nbsp;0\u201950<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631<\/td><td>&nbsp;0.035<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a<\/td><td>0.035<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0664.\u0662 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0644\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0664.\u0661. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0644\u064e\u0651\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647&nbsp;\u060c&nbsp; \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.1 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u2013 \u062a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 (\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f) \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 IS : 1894-19727\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>290 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\/\u0645\u0645<sup>2<\/sup>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\/\u0645\u0645<sup>2<\/sup>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0666\u0665 \u0645\u0645<\/td><td>\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\/\u0645\u0645<sup>2<\/sup>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0665.\u0662 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u2014 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631&nbsp;IS : 2328-1963:. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0637\u064e\u0639 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629\u064c \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0666\u0665 \u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0637\u064e\u0651\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0628\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0662\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0636 \u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d.<br>\u0665.\u0663 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u2014 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 IS : 2335-19635. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0665\u0660 \u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0651\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0663\u0660\u00b0 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0662\u0660\u066a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0642\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0630\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639.<br>\u0665.\u0664 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u2014 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IS : 2329-1963*. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0663\u0666\u0660\u00b0\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0669\u0660\u00b0 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<br>\u0665.\u0665 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u2013 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0635 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0634\u0639\u0631 (\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629.<br>\u0665.\u0666 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0661\u0660\u0660\u066a \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 IS : 4853-19687 \u0648IS : 7343-1974).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.1 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 5 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P=2St\/D<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u064a\u062b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P = \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\/\u0645\u0645\u00b2<sup>2<\/sup>;<br>S = \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a\u061b<br><em>110 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\/\u0645\u0645\u00b2 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/em><br><em>\u0664\u0665 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\/\u0645\u0645\u00b2 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b<\/em><br>t = \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u061b \u0648<br>D = \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0667. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0667.\u0661 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u2014 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0667.\u0661.\u0661 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0660\u066b\u0661\u0669\u0664 \u063a\/\u0645\u00b2 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.&nbsp; \u0648\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0643\u0628 \u0661\u0660\u0660 \u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0639. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0646 \u0661\u0662\u066b\u0662 \u0645\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0628\u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0643\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639. \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062c\u0641\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0661\u0661\u0660\u00b0\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0667.\u0662 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0668. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0668.\u0661 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0664\u066b\u0668 \u0645\u0645<\/td><td>\u00b10.05 \u0645\u0645<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0664.\u0668 \u0645\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0669\u0665 \u0645\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/td><td>\u00b10.08 \u0645\u0645<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0669\u066b\u0665 \u0645\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0661\u0665\u066b\u0669 \u0645\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/td><td>&nbsp;\u00b10.10&nbsp;\u0645\u0645<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>0.50 \u0645\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 0.76 \u0645\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/td><td>&nbsp;\u00b10.08 \u0645\u0645<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 ~\u0660\u066b\u0667\u0666 \u0645\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0661\u066b\u0662\u0665 \u0645\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/td><td>&nbsp;\u00b10.09 \u0645\u0645<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062d\u062a\u0649 0.5 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/td><td>&nbsp;\u00b10.75 \u0645\u0645<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0660\u066b\u0665 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0661\u066b\u0660 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/td><td>\u00b11.5 \u0645\u0645<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0661\u066b\u0660 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0662\u066b\u0660 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/td><td>&nbsp;\u00b13.0 \u0645\u0645<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0662\u066b\u0660 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0663\u066b\u0660 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/td><td>\u00b16.0 \u0645\u0645<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0663\u066b\u0660 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631<\/td><td>+25.0 \u0645\u0645<br>-0.0 \u0645\u0645<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0669. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0669.\u0661 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0660. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0660.\u0661 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 &#8211; \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0661 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0661 \u0648\u0662.&nbsp; \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c&nbsp; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062e (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0663\u0623)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0663\u0628).<br>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0633\u0639 (Flare). \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 A (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 3). \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 3,0 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0621 (\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0669\u0660\u00b0): \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<br>\u0628) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0651\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-3562\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/FIG.-3-Double-Flare-Test.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0663: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\" class=\"wp-image-3562\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0663: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a<br>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c<br>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/td><td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0621<sub>1<\/sub><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062b\u0628\u064e\u0651\u062a (COINED LENGTH)<br>C<sub>1<\/sub>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\">\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631<br>D<sub>1<\/sub> \u060c \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;\u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;3.18<\/td><td>5.4<\/td><td>&nbsp;5.0<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>0.63<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4.76<\/td><td>7.1<\/td><td>6.7<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>0.71<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6.35<\/td><td>9.1<\/td><td>8. 7<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>0.88<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;7.94<\/td><td>10.8<\/td><td>10.4<\/td><td>1.6<\/td><td>0.88<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9.52<\/td><td>12.7<\/td><td>12.3<\/td><td>1.6<\/td><td>&nbsp;1.24<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;11.11<\/td><td>14.5<\/td><td>14.1<\/td><td>&nbsp;1.6<\/td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;1.24<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;12.7<\/td><td>16.3<\/td><td>15.9<\/td><td>&nbsp;1.6<\/td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;1.24<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;14.29<\/td><td>18.1<\/td><td>17.7<\/td><td>&nbsp;1.6<\/td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;1.24<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;15.88<\/td><td>19.6<\/td><td>19.2<\/td><td>&nbsp;1.6<\/td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;1.24<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-3563\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"220\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/FIG.-4-Double-45-Degree-Flares-for-Tubes-300x220.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0664: \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0664\u0665 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\" class=\"wp-image-3563\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FIG.-4-Double-45-Degree-Flares-for-Tubes-300x220.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FIG.-4-Double-45-Degree-Flares-for-Tubes.jpg 571w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0664: \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0664\u0665 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a<br>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c<br>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0621<sub>1<\/sub><\/strong><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062b\u0628\u064e\u0651\u062a (COINED LENGTH)<br><\/strong>C<sub>1<\/sub>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631<br><\/strong>D<sub>1<\/sub> \u060c \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;\u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;3.18<\/td><td>5.1<\/td><td>4.6<\/td><td>0.8\u00b10.5<\/td><td>0.63<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4.76<\/td><td>7.1<\/td><td>6.6<\/td><td>0.8\u00b10.5<\/td><td>0.71<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6.35<\/td><td>9.1<\/td><td>8.6<\/td><td>0.8\u00b10.5<\/td><td>0.88<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;7.94<\/td><td>10.9<\/td><td>10.2<\/td><td>0.8\u00b10.5<\/td><td>0.88<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9.52<\/td><td>12.4<\/td><td>11.7<\/td><td>1.0\u00b10.5<\/td><td>&nbsp;1.24<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;12.7<\/td><td>16.7<\/td><td>16.0<\/td><td>&nbsp;1.0\u00b10.5<\/td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;1.24<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;15.88<\/td><td>20.0<\/td><td>19.3<\/td><td>&nbsp;1.0\u00b10.5<\/td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;1.24<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-3565\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"430\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/FIG.-5-Double-37-Degree-Flares-for-Tubes.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0665: \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0663\u0667 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\" class=\"wp-image-3565\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FIG.-5-Double-37-Degree-Flares-for-Tubes.jpg 602w, https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/FIG.-5-Double-37-Degree-Flares-for-Tubes-300x214.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0665: \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0663\u0667 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0660.\u0662 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a &#8211; \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627&nbsp; \u0628\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635-\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u0645\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647.<br>\u0661\u0660.\u0663 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 &#8211; \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0661\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0645<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">11.1 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628:<br>\u0623) \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c<br>\u0628) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648<br>\u062c) \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628.<br>11.1.1 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 ISI \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u2014 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 ISI \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 ISI \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 ISI \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 ISI \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 ISI&nbsp; \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">12. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u0648\u0650\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">12.1 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 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