{"id":4182,"date":"2021-07-09T11:02:31","date_gmt":"2021-07-09T03:02:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/?p=4182"},"modified":"2026-10-05T13:03:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T05:03:22","slug":"astm-b68-seamless-copper-tube-bright-annealed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/ar\/astm-b68-seamless-copper-tube-bright-annealed\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 C12200 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM B68\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0642\u0651\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0644\u0645\u0651\u0639"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span class=\"fontstyle0\">1. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle2\">1.1 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0642\u0651\u0627\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062e.<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">1.1.1 \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 UNS\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621:<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"NormalTable\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"85\"><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 (UNS)<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">C10200<br \/>\nC10300<br \/>\nC10800<br \/>\nC12000<br \/>\nC12200 <\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"219\"><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<br \/>\n\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629<br \/>\n\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627<br \/>\n\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<br \/>\n\u0645\u064f\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064d \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<br \/>\n\u0645\u064f\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064d \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\">1.2 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (SI).<br \/>\n1.3 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 SI B 68M\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (SI).<br \/>\n1.4 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f\u064e\u064a\u0646 20.5 \u064821.2.6 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629: <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u062f\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle3\"><strong>2. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">2.1 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM:<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 B 68M \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639[Metric]<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 B 153 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633) \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 B 251 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 B 577 \u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 B 601 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">B 846 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u0647<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 E 3 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 E 8 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 E 29 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 E 53 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 E 62 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u0647 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629)<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 E 112 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 E 243 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a)<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 E 255 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">6<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 E 527 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 (UNS)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><strong>\u0663. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">3.1 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a:<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">\u0663.\u0661.\u0661 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f B 846 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u0647.<br \/>\n\u0663.\u0661.\u0662 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">, <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">\u2014\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627.<br \/>\n3.2 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">3.2.1 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">\u2014\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><strong>4. \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">\u0664.\u0661 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u062a\u064e\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<br \/>\n\u0664.\u0661.\u0661 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 ASTM \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 (\u0645\u062b\u0644: B 68 \u2013 \u0669\u0665)\u060c<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u0664.\u0661.\u0662 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 UNS (\u0645\u062b\u0644: C10200)\u060c<br \/>\n\u0664.\u0661.\u0663 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0668)\u060c<br \/>\n\u0664.\u0661.\u0664 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0661\u0666)\u060c<br \/>\n\u0664.\u0661.\u0665 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f: \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c<br \/>\n\u0664.\u0661.\u0666 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u060c<br \/>\n\u0664.\u0661.\u0667 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u060c<br \/>\n\u0664.\u0661.\u0668 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0664.\u0662 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629:<br \/>\n\u0664.\u0662.\u0661 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a (\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a)\u060c<br \/>\n\u0664.\u0662.\u0662 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629\u060c<br \/>\n\u0664.\u0662.\u0663 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u060c<br \/>\n\u0664.\u0662.\u0664 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d\u060c<br \/>\n\u0664.\u0662.\u0665 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c<br \/>\n\u0664.\u0662.\u0666 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><strong>5. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">5.1 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 B 251 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629.<br \/>\n5.1.1 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c<br \/>\n5.1.2 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c<br \/>\n5.1.3 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u060c<br \/>\n5.1.4 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c<br \/>\n5.1.5 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635\u060c<br \/>\n5.1.6 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635\u060c<br \/>\n5.1.7 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c<br \/>\n5.1.8 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c<br \/>\n5.1.9 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c<br \/>\n5.1.10 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n5.2 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f 5.1\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 B 251. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><strong>6. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">6.1 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">:<br \/>\n6.1.1 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a (UNS) C10200 \u0623\u0648 C10300 \u0623\u0648 C10800 \u0623\u0648 C12000 \u0623\u0648 C12200\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u0629.<br \/>\n6.2 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">:<br \/>\n6.2.1 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062f\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u0667. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"fontstyle2\">\u0667.\u0661 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0661 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f.<br \/>\n\u0667.\u0662 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4184\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4184\" style=\"width: 1069px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4184\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/B68-Table-1-Chemical-Compositions.jpg\" alt=\"B68 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\" width=\"1069\" height=\"161\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4184\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><strong>\u0668. \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">\u0668.\u0661 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647:<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"NormalTable\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"104\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0634 (O)<br \/>\nO50<br \/>\nO60 <\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"132\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<br \/>\n(\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641)<br \/>\n(\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0646)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle2\">\u0668.\u0661.\u0661 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 B 601.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u0669. \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"fontstyle2\">\u0669.\u0661 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 O50 (\u0645\u064f\u062e\u0641\u064e\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627) \u0648O60 (\u0645\u064f\u062e\u0641\u064e\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627) \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0662.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4185\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4185\" style=\"width: 516px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4185\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/B68-Table-2-Average-Grain-Size-Requirements.jpg\" alt=\"B68 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\" width=\"516\" height=\"73\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/B68-Table-2-Average-Grain-Size-Requirements.jpg 516w, https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/B68-Table-2-Average-Grain-Size-Requirements-300x42.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 516px) 100vw, 516px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4185\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2: \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u0661\u0660. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"fontstyle2\">10.1 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">:<br \/>\n\u0661\u0660.\u0661.\u0661 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0663\u0660 ksi \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 E \u0668.<br \/>\n\u0661\u0660.\u0662 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">:<br \/>\n10.2.1 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 40 % (\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 2 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 E 8.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><strong>\u0661\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">11.1 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">:<br \/>\n11.1.1 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 B 153.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"NormalTable\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"135\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle4\">3<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle4\">\u2044<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle4\">4 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle4\">\u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a<br \/>\n\u0641\u0648\u0642 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle4\">3<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle4\">\u2044<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle4\">4 <\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"104\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c %<br \/>\n40<br \/>\n30<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle2\">11.1.1.1 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n11.1.2 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0664 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\n11.2 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">:<br \/>\n11.2.1 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640<\/span> <span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f 21.2.6.1 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0644\u0637\u062d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><strong>12. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u0649<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">12.1 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 UNS: C10200 \u0648C10300 \u0648C12000 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064b \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (Cu\u2082O) \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 (\u0623) \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 B 577. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 UNS: C10800 \u0623\u0648 C12200 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 (\u062c) \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 B 577.<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"fontstyle0\">13. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"fontstyle2\">13.1 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 UNS: C10200 \u0648C12000 \u0648C12200 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 (\u0628) \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 B 577. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 (\u062c) \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 B 577.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><strong>14. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">14.1 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0663<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">1<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">\u2044<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">8 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a). \u0648\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<br \/>\n14.2 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a)<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">:<br \/>\n14.2.1 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 E 243\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0639\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><strong>15. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">15.1 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 B 251.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><strong>16. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">16.1 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 B 251:<br \/>\n16.1.1 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">\u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1.<br \/>\n16.1.2 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">\u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 3.<br \/>\n16.1.3 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">\u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 5 \u06486.<br \/>\n16.1.4 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">\u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639.<br \/>\n16.2 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">\u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 2 \u06483 \u06484 \u06485 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4183\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Table-3-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"520\" height=\"617\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Table-3-5.jpg 520w, https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Table-3-5-253x300.jpg 253w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><strong>17. \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">17.1 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">:<br \/>\n17.1.1 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645.<br \/>\n17.1.2 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062d\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629.<br \/>\n17.2 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">:<br \/>\n17.2.1 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639.<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><br \/>\n<strong>18. \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">18.1 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630 \u0643\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<br \/>\n18.1.1 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">\u2014\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0661\u0660\u0660\u0660\u0660 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064d \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<br \/>\n\u0661\u0668.\u0661.\u0662 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">\u2014 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"NormalTable\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"135\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629<br \/>\n1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 50<br \/>\n51 \u0625\u0644\u0649 200<br \/>\n201 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1500<br \/>\n\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1500<br \/>\n<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"104\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627<br \/>\n1<br \/>\n2<br \/>\n3<br \/>\n0.2 % \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0630\u0644\u0643 10 \u0642\u0637\u0639<br \/>\n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle4\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">18.1.2.1 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u064d \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\n18.2 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">:<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">18.2.1 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0636\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062d\u0636\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 E 255. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 150 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<br \/>\n18.2.2 \u064a\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<br \/>\n18.2.3 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631.<br \/>\n18.2.4 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u0644 10000 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle2\"><strong>19. \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">19.1 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">:<br \/>\n19.1.1 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u2014 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062f.<br \/>\n19.1.2 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u2014 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0644\u064e\u0651\u063a \u0643\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629.<br \/>\n19.1.3 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u2014 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<br \/>\n19.2 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">:<br \/>\n19.2.1 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<br \/>\n19.2.2 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<br \/>\n19.2.3 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064d \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle2\"><strong>20. \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">20.1 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">:<br \/>\n20.1.1 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a.<br \/>\n20.2 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">:<br \/>\n20.2.1 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0636\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 E 3.<br \/>\n20.2.1.1 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<br \/>\n20.3 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">:<br \/>\n20.3.1 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 E 8\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\n20.3.2 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 13 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 E 8 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0630\u064f\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<br \/>\n20.4 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 (\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633)<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">:<br \/>\n20.4.1 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0636\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 B 153.<br \/>\n20.5 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">:<br \/>\n20.5.1 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0637\u064e\u0651\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644 4 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064e\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle2\"><strong>21. \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">21.1 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">:<br \/>\n21.1.1 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle4\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 E 53<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 E 62<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">21.1.2 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629(\u0637\u0631\u0642) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631(\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0649.<br \/>\n21.2 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"NormalTable\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"201\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 <\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"119\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"201\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a <\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"119\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">E 112<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"201\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">\u0634\u062f<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"119\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">E 8<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"201\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633)<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"119\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">E 8<br \/>\nB 153<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"201\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u0649 <\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"119\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">B 577<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"201\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"201\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 <\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"119\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">B 577<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"201\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"201\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d <\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"119\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0662\u0661\u066b\u0662\u066b\u0666<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"201\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a)<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"119\"><span class=\"fontstyle4\">E 243<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\">21.2.1 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u2014 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639.<br \/>\n21.2.2 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u2014 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 E 8.<br \/>\n21.2.3 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u0649<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">:<br \/>\n21.2.3.1 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 A\u061b \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 C \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 B 577.<br \/>\n21.2.4 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">:<br \/>\n21.2.4.1 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 B\u061b \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 C \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 B 577.<br \/>\n21.2.5 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a)<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u2014 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">1<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u2044<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">8 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 E 243. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0647\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0623\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f.<br \/>\n21.2.5.1 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629.<br \/>\n(<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">a<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">) \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 0.001 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 22% \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle5\">6<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">0.0005 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\" style=\"color: var(--colorfont); letter-spacing: 0.02em;\">(<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle1\" style=\"color: var(--colorfont); letter-spacing: 0.02em;\">b<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\" style=\"color: var(--colorfont); letter-spacing: 0.02em;\">) \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 +0.001\u060c -0.000 \u0625\u0646\u0634.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629<br \/>\n<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629<br \/>\n<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0628<br \/>\n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"fontstyle3\">1<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u2044<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">4 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">3<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u2044<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">4<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u00a00.025<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"fontstyle3\">72<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">3<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u2044<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">4 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 1\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"fontstyle3\"> 0.031\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"fontstyle3\">68<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0661 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0661<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">1<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u2044<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">4<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627<br \/>\n<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"fontstyle3\"> 0.036<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"fontstyle3\"> 64<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0661<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">1<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u2044<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">4 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 1<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">1<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u2044<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">2<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"fontstyle3\">0.042\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"fontstyle3\">58<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0661<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">1<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u2044<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">2 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 1<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">3<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u2044<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">4<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"fontstyle3\"> 0.046\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"fontstyle3\">56<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0661<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">3<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u2044<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">4 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 2\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<br \/>\n<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"fontstyle3\">0.052\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"fontstyle3\">55<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\">21.2.5.2 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"NormalTable\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"128\"><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 <\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"147\"><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646<br \/>\n0.2<br \/>\n0.3<br \/>\n0.4<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"128\"><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u062d\u062a\u0649 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">3<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u2044<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">8<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">1<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u2044<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">2 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 2\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<br \/>\n\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 2 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\">21.2.5.3 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0639\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u064f\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u2014 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627.<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f.<br \/>\n21.2.6 <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle1\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">:<br \/>\n21.2.6.1 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0637\u064e\u0651\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064c \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u064c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u064e\u0651\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle4\"><strong>22. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">22.1 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u061b \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u061b \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" charset=\"utf-8\" src=\"http:\/\/w.sharethis.com\/widget\/?wp=7.1.2\"><\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 C12200 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM B68 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a automobile.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3225,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-gallery","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-standard","post_format-post-format-gallery"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4182"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4182\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3225"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}