{"id":3426,"date":"2016-05-25T15:23:21","date_gmt":"2016-05-25T07:23:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/?p=3426"},"modified":"2026-10-05T13:03:13","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T05:03:13","slug":"gm124m-standard-automotive-steel-tubing-fluid-handling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/tr\/gm124m-standard-automotive-steel-tubing-fluid-handling\/","title":{"rendered":"GM123M GM124M Standart \u2013 S\u0131v\u0131 Ta\u015f\u0131ma \u0130\u00e7in Otomotiv \u00c7elik Borular\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Fren hatt\u0131 ve ilgili \u00fcr\u00fcnlerimiz hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinmek i\u00e7in buraya t\u0131klay\u0131n.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 Kapsam<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bu spesifikasyonlar, otomotiv ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in uygun iki tip \u00e7elik t\u00fcp\u00fc kapsar. Temel metal, iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 kaplama malzemeleri ve kaplanm\u0131\u015f t\u00fcpler i\u00e7in gereksinimler belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu gereksinimler, boru fabrikalar\u0131ndan ve bazen ayr\u0131 tesisler olan kaplama hatlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fcr\u00fcnleri kapsar. Bu t\u00fcpler, \u00f6zel par\u00e7alar ve montajlar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu par\u00e7alar ve montajlar\u0131n korozyon performans\u0131, iletkenlik ve s\u00fcreklilik, mukavemet, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm ve uygulamaya \u00f6zel di\u011fer kritik \u00f6zellikler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan do\u011frulanmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1 GM123M.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki duvarl\u0131 ve ek yerleri bak\u0131rla lehimlenmi\u015f, indirgen atmosferde \u00fcretilen boru \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini kapsar; hidrolik hatlar i\u00e7in uygun boru \u00fcretimi sa\u011flan\u0131r. Kal\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bak\u0131r, asit gaz olu\u015fumuna neden olabilece\u011finden yak\u0131t hatlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eekil 1\u2019e bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2 GM124M.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Tek duvarl\u0131 yap\u0131da, ek yeri elektrik diren\u00e7 kaynakl\u0131 boru \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini kapsar; yak\u0131t hatlar\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7 y\u00f6nlendirme hatlar\u0131, \u015fanz\u0131man ya\u011f so\u011futucu hatlar\u0131, ya\u011flama ya\u011f\u0131 hatlar\u0131, vakum hatlar\u0131 vb. i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilir. \u015eekil 1\u2019e bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"GM123M<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1.3 Boru \u0130\u015faret Kodu.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Boru t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ap\u0131, cidar kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, imalat durumunu ve i\u00e7 \u00e7ap (ID) kaplamas\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek amac\u0131yla \u00e7izimlerde ve sat\u0131n alma sipari\u015flerinde 3.1. maddede yer alan kodlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.4 Tipik Uygulama.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

GM123M genellikle hidrolik fren hatlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rken, GM124M genellikle yak\u0131t hatlar\u0131, direksiyon hidroli\u011fi hatlar\u0131, \u015fanz\u0131man ya\u011f so\u011futucu hatlar\u0131, ya\u011flama ya\u011f\u0131 hatlar\u0131, vakum hatlar\u0131 vb. i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2 Referanslar<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Not: Aksi belirtilmedik\u00e7e yaln\u0131zca en son onayl\u0131 standartlar ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1 D\u0131\u015f Standartlar\/Spesifikasyonlar.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

ASTM A254<\/a>
SAE J463
ASTM A875
SAE J526
ASTM B117
SAE J527<\/a>
ASTM B750
SAE J533
ASTM E8
SAE J1290
SAE J403<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 GM Standartlar\u0131\/Spesifikasyonlar\u0131.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

9985670
GM9505P
GM4298P
GM9508P
GM4465P
GM9509P
GM4653M
GM9540P
GM6277M
GMW3001
GM9071P
GMW3059
GM9102P<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 Ek Referanslar.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

GMPT yak\u0131tlar\u0131yla ilgili bilgiler, GM Powertrain Malzeme M\u00fchendisli\u011fi departman\u0131 ile ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ilerek temin edilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 GMPT-6-006 TF2 Benzin
\u2022 GMPT-5-005 Biyo-Dizel
\u2022 GMPT-5-001 #2 Dizel
\u2022 GMPT-6-019 Oksitlenmi\u015f Benzin
\u2022 GMPT-6-023 E85 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck pH-e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 Gereksinimler<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

3.1 Genel Gereksinimler.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Temel boru malzemesi, so\u011fuk haddeleme ile \u00fcretilmi\u015f SAE J403\u2019e uygun 1006, 1008 veya 1010 \u00e7eli\u011fi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Lehimleme malzemesi, SAE J463\u2019te belirtilen ve Bak\u0131r Ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 UNS C51000 olarak tan\u0131mlanan bak\u0131r veya bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
GM123M (I\/II\/III\/IV\/V)
GM124M (I\/II\/III\/IV\/V\/VI)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I\u2019 = Parantez i\u00e7indeki ilk \u00f6\u011fe: B veya W harfi.
B = Lehimlenmi\u015f, W = Kaynakl\u0131
\u2018II\u2019 = Lehimlenmi\u015f veya kaynaklanm\u0131\u015f borunun d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ap\u0131 (mm)
\u2018III\u2019 = Cidar kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (mm)
\u2018IV\u2019 = \u00dcretim S\u00fcreci (*)
\u2018V\u2019 = Otomotiv
\u2018VI\u2019 = \u0130\u00e7 \u00c7ap Kaplamas\u0131(**)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(*) \u0130\u015flem K\u0131saltmalar\u0131:<\/strong>
A = Tavl\u0131
P = D\u00fcz
U = Is\u0131l \u0130\u015flem G\u00f6rmemi\u015f (kaynak sonras\u0131 durumu)
G = \u00c7inko-Al\u00fcminyum-Ala\u015f\u0131m Metal Kaplamas\u0131
F = Bak\u0131r Kaynakl\u0131
E = Uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Korozyon Koruma Boya Kaplamas\u0131
N = Ekstr\u00fcde Nylon 11 veya 12
C = Bak\u0131r Kaplama \u2013 Standart bak\u0131r kaplama kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 en az 0,009 mm\u2019dir. Di\u011fer bir kal\u0131nl\u0131k talep edilirse, harfin hemen arkas\u0131na rakam(lar) eklenmelidir; \u00f6rne\u011fin C13, en az 0,013 mm\u2019lik kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(**) \u0130\u00e7 \u00c7ap K\u0131saltmalar\u0131<\/strong>
Bo\u015f = D\u00fcz
P = D\u00fcz
Ni = Nikel Kaplama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rnek:
GM124M (W\/6.00\/0.7\/AGE\/V\/Ni) \u2013 kaynakl\u0131 tek cidarl\u0131 boruyu, 6 mm D\u00c7, 0.7 mm cidar kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tavlanm\u0131\u015f boruyu, bir \u00e7inko-al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 metal taban kaplamas\u0131 ve \u00fczeri boya katman\u0131yla korozyona kar\u015f\u0131 korunmu\u015f boruyu, otomotiv uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in onaylanan boruyu ve nikel kapl\u0131 i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyi belirtir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2 Mekanik \u00d6zellikler.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gereksinimler yaln\u0131zca daha yayg\u0131n \u00e7elik boru tiplerine uygulan\u0131r; yani kaynakl\u0131-anneal edilmi\u015f ve lehimlenmi\u015f-ham \u00fcretim durumunda olan borulara. Kaynakl\u0131 mekanik borular veya i\u015flenebilir sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f borular gibi di\u011fer boru s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri, tedarik\u00e7i ile al\u0131c\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00f6zel bir anla\u015fma ile belirlenmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2.1 \u00c7ekme testleri, ASTM E8\u2019de belirtilen boru test y\u00f6ntemlerine g\u00f6re bitmi\u015f boru \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ekme \u00f6zellikleri, kaynakl\u0131 borular i\u00e7in SAE J526\u2019ya ve lehimli borular i\u00e7in SAE J527\u2019ye uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2.2 Borular, d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ap\u0131 geni\u015fletilmi\u015f u\u00e7ta %20 oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131lana kadar e\u011fimi 1\/10 olan konik mandrel \u00fczerine geni\u015fletilebilir olmal\u0131d\u0131r; bu i\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7atlama veya kusur olu\u015fmamal\u0131d\u0131r (ASTM A254, Madde 6.3). Geni\u015fletme testinden \u00f6nce borular kare kesilmeli, kenarlar\u0131 yuvarlat\u0131lmal\u0131 ve kenarlar\u0131ndaki tala\u015flar temizlenmelidir. Test s\u0131ras\u0131nda boru, kal\u0131pta s\u0131k\u0131 ve kare \u015fekilde tutulmal\u0131; z\u0131mba, borunun ekseninde y\u00f6nlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2.3 Aksi belirtilmedik\u00e7e, borular a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7 statik hidrolik bas\u0131nc\u0131na dayanabilmelidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 10,0 mm d\u0131\u015f \u00e7apa kadar\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..35 MPa
\u2022 10,0 mm \u00fczeri ila 16,0 mm d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ap aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda\u2026\u2026.15 MPa<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Not: Borunun daha sonraki so\u011fuk \u015fekillendirme i\u015flemleri (sarma, d\u00fczeltme, b\u00fckme, \u00e7ekme vb.) borunun dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve sertli\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131r. So\u011fuk \u015fekillendirme veya y\u00fczey sertle\u015ftirme i\u015flemiyle, \u00f6zel uygulamalar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha y\u00fcksek dayan\u0131m ve sertlik elde edilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.3 Boyutlar.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Boru, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n belirtti\u011fi boyutlar ve toleranslara uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.3.1 Kaynakl\u0131 Borular.<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Nominal \u00e7ap ve cidar kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 SAE J526\u2019ya uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7inko-al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 art\u0131 Nylon 11 veya 12 \u00fcst kaplamas\u0131 (GN) i\u00e7in maksimum D\u0131\u015f \u00c7ap Tablo 2\u2019de verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.3.1.1 Nikel Kaplamal\u0131 \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00fczey Kaynak Diki\u015fi.<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak b\u00f6lgesinde nikelin iyi yeniden ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kaynak diki\u015finin d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir kesit profiline sahip olmas\u0131 ve minimum diki\u015f boyutlar\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Diki\u015f y\u00fcksekli\u011fi boyutunu bildirin (Tipik diki\u015f y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 0,15 mm veya daha az olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Maksimum diki\u015f y\u00fcksekli\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 belirleninceye kadar diki\u015f y\u00fcksekli\u011fini izlemeye devam edin).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130yi ve istenmeyen diki\u015f profillerine \u00f6rnekler \u015eekil 2\u2019de a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.3.2 Lehimli Borular.<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Nominal \u00e7ap ve duvar kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, SAE J527 standard\u0131nda belirtilen de\u011ferlerle uyumlu olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7inko-al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 art\u0131 Nylon 11 veya 12 \u00fcst kaplama (GN) i\u00e7in maksimum d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ap, Tablo 2\u2019de verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.3.3 A\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f U\u00e7lar.<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

3.3.3.1 SAE tipi a\u00e7\u0131klamalar, SAE J533\u2019te verilen boyutlara ve toleranslara uymal\u0131d\u0131r.
3.3.3.2 ISO tipi a\u00e7\u0131klamalar, SAE J1290\u2019da verilen boyutlara ve toleranslara uymal\u0131d\u0131r.
3.3.3.3 A\u00c7IKLANMI\u015e U\u00c7LAR. GM123M (ters a\u00e7\u0131klama) durumunda, boru a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f u\u00e7lar\u0131 ASTM A254 B\u00f6l\u00fcm S1\u2019deki Ek Gereksinimlere uymal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.4 Y\u00fczey Durumu.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Boru i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeylerindeki y\u00fczey i\u015flemi, Tablo 1\u2019de belirtilen y\u00fczey i\u015flemine uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tablo 1: D\u0131\u015f Y\u00fczey \u0130\u015fleme Kodlar\u0131 ve Gereksinimleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00fczey \u0130\u015flemi<\/strong><\/td>Y\u00fczey \u0130\u015flemi Kodu<\/strong><\/td>A\u00e7\u0131klama ve Malzeme Gereksinimleri<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
D\u00fcz<\/td> P<\/td>Kaplama yok; sadece baz metal (SAE J403\u2019e g\u00f6re 1006, 1008 veya 1010 \u00e7elik)<\/td><\/tr>
\u00c7inko-Al\u00fcminyum Ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/td> G<\/td>S\u0131cak-dald\u0131rma galvaniz-al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m kaplamas\u0131. Kimyasal Bile\u015fim: ASTM B750’e g\u00f6re %5 al\u00fcminyum\u2013kalan\u0131 \u00e7inko ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131
Kaplama k\u00fctlesi:<\/strong> 50 g\/m2 (ASTM A875, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 8\u2019e g\u00f6re). Kal\u0131nl\u0131k, Ek A\u2019ya g\u00f6re borunun herhangi bir noktas\u0131nda en az \u00fc\u00e7 mikrometre olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/td><\/tr>
\u00c7inko-Al\u00fcminyum Ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u2013 Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f Korozyon Korumas\u0131<\/td> GE<\/td>Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan \u00e7inko-al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131, ard\u0131ndan onayl\u0131 bir \u00f6n i\u015flem s\u00fcreci ve onayl\u0131 bir al\u00fcminyum zengini epoksi kaplama.
Kal\u0131nl\u0131k \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri:<\/strong>GE biti\u015fi i\u00e7in al\u00fcminyum zengini epoksi boya, Ek A\u2019daki prosed\u00fcrlere g\u00f6re \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde borunun herhangi bir yerinde en az \u00fc\u00e7 mikron kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r. GE biti\u015fi i\u00e7in kaplamalar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, her boru hatt\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7evresel ve boyuna olarak izlenmelidir. \u00d6rnek alma plan\u0131, kontrol plan\u0131nda referans g\u00f6sterilmelidir.<\/td><\/tr>
Bak\u0131r Plakalama<\/td> C<\/td> Elektrokaplama ile \u00fcretilmi\u015f boru<\/td><\/tr>
\u00c7inko-Al\u00fcminyum Ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u2013 Ekstr\u00fcde Nylon 11 veya 12<\/td>GN<\/td>Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan \u00e7inko-al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131, ard\u0131ndan Nylon 11 veya 12 \u00fcst kaplamas\u0131.
G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm:<\/strong>\u00dcst kaplama, renk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan homojen olmal\u0131 ve ak\u0131\u015f \u00e7izgileri, i\u011fne delikleri, kraterler veya anormal p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fck gibi s\u00fcreksizliklerden ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dcst kaplama, m\u00fchendislik \u00e7iziminde aksi belirtilmedik\u00e7e siyah renkli olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
Film Kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong>Nylon 11 veya 12 \u00fcst kaplamas\u0131n\u0131n, Ek A\u2019ya g\u00f6re mikroskopik inceleme ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde minimum kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 150 \u03bcm olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kaplaman\u0131n maksimum kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, maksimum OD\u2019ye (Tablo 2) g\u00f6re kontrol edilmelidir. GN biti\u015findeki kaplamalar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, her boru hatt\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7evresel ve boyuna olarak izlenmelidir. \u00d6rnek alma plan\u0131, kontrol plan\u0131nda referans g\u00f6sterilmelidir.<\/td><\/tr>
 Nikel kaplama<\/td>Ni<\/td>\u0130\u00e7 \u00e7ap, elektrokaplanm\u0131\u015f nikel kaplama.
Kal\u0131nl\u0131k \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri:<\/strong>\u0130\u015flenmi\u015f borunun elektrokaplama ile nikel i\u00e7 y\u00fczey kaplama kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ek A\u2019daki prosed\u00fcrlere g\u00f6re \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde borunun i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyinin her yerinde en az 3 mikron kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ni biti\u015fi i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek kaplama kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, her boru hatt\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7evresel ve boyuna olarak izlenmelidir. \u00d6rnek alma plan\u0131, kontrol plan\u0131nda referans g\u00f6sterilmelidir.<\/td><\/tr>
 Di\u011fer<\/td> Z<\/td> Belirlenecek<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Not: GN \u00fcst kaplama, s\u0131v\u0131 yak\u0131t hatt\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in tam malzeme onay\u0131 al\u0131nana kadar s\u0131v\u0131 yak\u0131t hatt\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tablo 2: GN Kaplamas\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Maksimum D\u0131\u015f \u00c7ap (OD)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Boru Boyutu, Nominal (mm)<\/strong><\/td> Kaplamal\u0131 borunun d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ap\u0131, maks. (mm)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
 4.76<\/td>5.28<\/td><\/tr>
6<\/td>6.65<\/td><\/tr>
6.35<\/td>6.87<\/td><\/tr>
 7.94<\/td>8.46<\/td><\/tr>
 8<\/td>8.52<\/td><\/tr>
9.53<\/td>10.05<\/td><\/tr>
 10<\/td>10.52<\/td><\/tr>
 11.11<\/td>11.65<\/td><\/tr>
 12.7<\/td>13.24<\/td><\/tr>
 14.29<\/td>14.83<\/td><\/tr>
 15.88<\/td>16.42<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3.5 \u00c7evresel Diren\u00e7 (GE, GN ve Ni).<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
3.5.1 Tuz P\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme Testi (GM4298P).<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Kaplamal\u0131 borular a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki korozyon testlerine ve de\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemlerine tabi tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcm korozyon testleri, \u015eekil 3\u2019te g\u00f6sterilen i\u015flenmi\u015f par\u00e7alarda veya test numunesinde yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eekil 3\u2019te tan\u0131mlanan test numuneleri, test odas\u0131nda \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f dirsek a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya bakacak \u015fekilde, ancak test sabitleme eleman\u0131na temas etmeyecek \u015fekilde yerle\u015ftirilmelidir; aksi belirtilmedik\u00e7e. \u0130\u015flenmi\u015f par\u00e7alar, test tesisi ile inceleme yetkilisi aras\u0131nda kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde test odas\u0131nda yerle\u015ftirilmelidir. T\u00fcm korozyon testlerinin uygulanma s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kontrol plan\u0131nda belgelenmelidir.
Not: Y\u00fczey kirleticileri, korozyon testinde lekelenmeye neden olabilir. Korozyon olmadan olu\u015fan lekeler, korozyon ar\u0131zas\u0131 olarak kaydedilmemelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.5.1.1 \u00c7inko-Al\u00fcminyum Ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u2013 Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f Korozyon Korumas\u0131 (GE).<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

GE uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f korozyon koruma borular\u0131, GM4298P\u2019ye g\u00f6re 1000 saat tuz spreyi maruziyetine dayanabilmelidir; boyuna yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00e7iziklardan maksimum 1,5 mm s\u00fcr\u00fcklenme (bkz. GM9102P) ve GM4298P maruziyeti ile hava \u00fcfleme sonras\u0131 ba\u015fka herhangi bir yap\u0131\u015fma kayb\u0131 olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.5.1.2 \u00c7inko-Al\u00fcminyum Ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u2013 Ekstr\u00fcde Nylon 11 veya 12 (GN) D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck S\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00c7ip Direnci ve Tuz P\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme (GM9508P, GM4298P).<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekillendirilmi\u015f boru \u00f6rneklerine (\u015eekil 3\u2019e bak\u0131n\u0131z) GM9508P standard\u0131na g\u00f6re, Y\u00f6ntem B\u2019ye uygun \u00e7ip direnci testi be\u015f kez uygulan\u0131r. Boru, e\u011frinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu d\u00fczlemin panelle paralel olacak \u015fekilde \u00e7ak\u0131l \u00f6l\u00e7erine yerle\u015ftirilir. \u00c7ak\u0131l \u00f6l\u00e7er maruziyetinden sonra 24 saat i\u00e7inde numuneler ASTM B117 veya GM4298P standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re tuz spreyine maruz b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r.
Boru, 2000 saat sonra \u00e7ak\u0131l darbesi alan b\u00f6lgeden daha fazla 1 mm ileriye do\u011fru baz metal korozyonu g\u00f6stermemelidir. \u00c7ak\u0131l darbesi almam\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lgeler 2000 saat sonra paslanmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.5.2 Nem Testi (GM4465P, GM9071P).<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f korozyon korumal\u0131 boru (GE), GM4465P\u2019ye g\u00f6re 96 saat nem testine tabi tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Nem testi hemen ard\u0131ndan boru kurulanarak GM9071P\u2019ye g\u00f6re bant yap\u0131\u015fma testi yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r; ancak boru \u00fczerine boyuna do\u011frusal bir \u00e7izik yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yap\u0131\u015fma oran\u0131 en az %99 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.5.3 Nikel Kaplamal\u0131 (Ni) Nem Testi (GM4465P, GM9071P).<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Nikel kaplamal\u0131 ID kaplamas\u0131, \u015eekil 4\u2019te g\u00f6sterilen test \u00f6rnekleri ve 100 mm uzunlu\u011fundaki d\u00fcz \u00f6rnekler kullan\u0131larak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki nem testine maruz b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Her yap\u0131land\u0131rma i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7er adet test \u00f6rne\u011fi boyuna kesilerek borunun i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyleri a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Test \u00f6rneklerinin kesim kenarlar\u0131 pas s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in yeterince korunmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rnekler, i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyleri yukar\u0131 bakacak \u015fekilde test odas\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmelidir. D\u00fcz \u00f6rnekler, nemin akmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla dikeyden yakla\u015f\u0131k 30\u00b0 a\u00e7\u0131 ile yerle\u015ftirilmelidir. Nikel kaplama, d\u0131\u015f kaynak (\u0131s\u0131 etkilenmi\u015f) b\u00f6lgesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 pas olu\u015fmaks\u0131z\u0131n GM4465P standard\u0131na g\u00f6re 168 saatlik nem maruziyetine dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Herhangi bir korozyon
kaynak (\u0131s\u0131 etkilenim) b\u00f6lgesi i\u00e7inde GM Malzeme M\u00fchendisli\u011fi onay\u0131 gerektirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.5.4 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc S\u00fcrtme Testi (GM9509P).<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f korozyon korumal\u0131 boru (GE), GM9509P\u2019ye g\u00f6re MEK \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcrtme testine tabi tutuldu\u011funda, 50 \u00e7ift s\u00fcrtmeden sonra en az 1 puanl\u0131k de\u011ferlendirme g\u00f6stermelidir. Bu test, her \u00fcretim part\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve kontrol plan\u0131nda belgelenmelidir. Bir \u00fcretim part\u0131, kalite sistem belgelerinde tan\u0131mlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.5.5 Ak\u0131\u015fkan Direnci.<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

3.5.5.1 Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f korozyon korumal\u0131 borular (GE), fren hidroli\u011fi (GM4653M), TF2 benzin (GMPT-6-006), Biyodizel (GMPT-5-005), #2 Dizel (GMPT-5-001), Oksitlenmi\u015f Benzin (GMPT-6-019) ve E85 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck pH\u2019e sahip yak\u0131t (GMPT-6-023) i\u00e7inde 24 saat boyunca bat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yumu\u015fama veya film hatas\u0131 g\u00f6stermemelidir. Bu test, \u00fcretim par\u00e7alar\u0131 veya \u00f6rnekler \u00fczerinde \u015eekil 3\u2019e g\u00f6re en az haftada bir fren hidroli\u011fi ile yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve kontrol plan\u0131nda belgelenmelidir.
Not: GMPT yak\u0131tlar\u0131yla ilgili bilgiler, GM Powertrain Malzeme M\u00fchendisli\u011fi ile ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ilerek sa\u011flanabilir. Yak\u0131tlar, GM taraf\u0131ndan onaylanm\u0131\u015f tedarik\u00e7ilerden sat\u0131n al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Her yak\u0131t i\u00e7in en g\u00fcncel sonek seviyesi, GM Powertrain m\u00fchendisi taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.5.5.2 \u00c7inko-Al\u00fcminyum Ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u2013 Ekstr\u00fcde Nylon 11 veya 12 (GN).<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

3.5.5.2.1 \u00d6rnek Haz\u0131rlama.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rneklerin uzunlu\u011fu en az 80 mm olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir Stanley i\u015flevsel b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 (#99E ucu veya e\u015fde\u011feri) kullanarak borunun boyuna do\u011frultusunda, birbirinden 2,4 \u00b1 0,1 mm aral\u0131kta iki paralel kesim yap\u0131n. Kesimler, borunun tam boyunca naylon tabaka ve astar katman\u0131n\u0131 delerek alt tabakaya kadar ula\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Her ak\u0131\u015fkan i\u00e7in alt\u0131 adet \u00f6rnek, s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz bir kapta yerle\u015ftirilmelidir. Kavanozu Tablo 3\u2019te belirtilen gerekli ak\u0131\u015fkanla doldurun; her \u00f6rne\u011fin yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kab\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ca kapat\u0131n. \u00d6rnekleri Tablo 3\u2019te belirtilen s\u00fcre ve s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bekletin. Belirtilen bekleme s\u00fcresi sonunda \u00f6rnekleri s\u0131vudan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n ve ka\u011f\u0131t havlu ile kurutun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tablo 3: Ak\u0131\u015fkan Direnci<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak\u0131\u015fkan<\/strong><\/td>Zaman (saat)<\/strong><\/td> S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00b0C)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
 Dam\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f su<\/td> 504<\/td> 23 \u00b1 2<\/td><\/tr>
 Fren hidroli\u011fi (GM4653M)<\/td> 504<\/td> 60 \u00b1 2<\/td><\/tr>
 Oksitlenmi\u015f benzin (GMPT-6-019)<\/td> 504<\/td> 23 \u00b1 2<\/td><\/tr>
 TF2 (GMPT-6-006)<\/td> 504<\/td> 23 \u00b1 2<\/td><\/tr>
 Biyodizel (GMPT-5-005)<\/td> 504<\/td> 23 \u00b1 2<\/td><\/tr>
 #2 Dizel (GMPT-5-001)<\/td> 504<\/td> 23 \u00b1 2<\/td><\/tr>
 E85 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck pH\u2019li (GMPT-6-023)<\/td> 504<\/td> 23 \u00b1 2<\/td><\/tr>
 Motor so\u011futma s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 (GM6277M)<\/td> 504<\/td> 23 \u00b1 2<\/td><\/tr>
 Cam Silme S\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 (9985670)<\/td> 504<\/td> 23 \u00b1 2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3.5.5.2.2 Kaplama Ayr\u0131lma Prosed\u00fcr\u00fc.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kullan\u0131m b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ile \u00f6rnek ucunun s\u0131v\u0131ya dald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgede iki paralel kesim aras\u0131na dik bir kesim yap\u0131n. B\u0131\u00e7ak kenar\u0131n\u0131 bu dik kesime yerle\u015ftirerek naylon \u015feridi yukar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p soyulabilir h\u00e2le getirin; b\u00f6ylece pense veya e\u015fde\u011feri bir aletle tutulabilecek bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm elde edilebilir. \u015eeridi, ya tamamen kopana kadar ya da borunun t\u00fcm uzunlu\u011fundan tamamen soyulana kadar soyun. E\u011fer \u015ferit tamamen soyulamad\u0131ysa, i\u015flemi \u00f6rne\u011fin buhar ucundan tekrarlay\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.5.5.2.3 Kabul Kriterleri.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Naylon kaplamadan \u00f6nce herhangi bir kabarc\u0131k olu\u015fumu veya delaminasyon (katman ayr\u0131lmas\u0131) g\u00f6zlemlenmemelidir. Kaplama ay\u0131rma i\u015fleminden sonra \u00f6rnek, naylon \u015feridin k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda kabul edilir. E\u011fer k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131yorsa,   \u015feridin astar katman\u0131nda kohezif (birle\u015fik) ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k g\u00f6stermesi gerekir. Kohezif ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k, astar\u0131n naylon \u015feridinde ve t\u00fcp alt tabakas\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr \u015fekilde kalmas\u0131yla tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.5.5.3 Elektrokaplama Y\u00f6ntemiyle Uygulanm\u0131\u015f Nikel \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00fczey Kaplamas\u0131.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h6>\n\n\n\n

Nikel kaplamal\u0131 ID borular\u0131, \u015eekil 5\u2019te g\u00f6sterilen test \u00f6rnekleri ve 100 mm uzunlu\u011fundaki d\u00fcz \u00f6rnekler kullan\u0131larak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da listelenen ak\u0131\u015fkanlara maruz b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Her yap\u0131land\u0131rma i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7er adet test \u00f6rne\u011fi, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ak\u0131\u015fkanlarla yar\u0131ya kadar doldurulup 60\u00b0C\u2019de (Biyodizel ve #2 Dizel i\u00e7in 90\u00b0C\u2019de) 504 saat s\u00fcreyle maruz b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r: Biyodizel (GMPT-5-005), #2 Dizel (GMPT-5-001), Oksitlenmi\u015f Benzin (GMPT-6-019), Korozif \u0130ki-Fazl\u0131 Benzin (GMPT-6-020*), E85 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck pHe (GMPT-6-023). 504 saatlik dald\u0131rma i\u015fleminden sonra \u00f6rnekler boyuna kesilerek incelenmelidir \u2013 d\u0131\u015f kaynak (\u0131s\u0131 etkilenmi\u015f) b\u00f6lgesinde herhangi bir korozyon veya \u00e7ukurla\u015fmaya izin verilmez. Kaynak (\u0131s\u0131 etkilenmi\u015f) b\u00f6lgesinde olu\u015fan herhangi bir korozyon, GM Malzeme M\u00fchendisli\u011fi onay\u0131 gerektirir.
Not: GMPT yak\u0131tlar\u0131yla ilgili bilgiler, GM Powertrain Malzeme M\u00fchendisli\u011fi ile ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ilerek sa\u011flanabilir. Yak\u0131tlar, GM taraf\u0131ndan onaylanm\u0131\u015f tedarik\u00e7ilerden sat\u0131n al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Her yak\u0131t i\u00e7in en g\u00fcncel sonek seviyesi, GM Powertrain m\u00fchendisi taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.5.6 D\u00f6ng\u00fcsel Korozyon Testi (GM9505P, Cycle J veya GM9540P).<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

3.5.6.1 Extended corrosion protected tubing (GE) shall be subjected to a performance test consisting of properly formed tubing samples (See Figure 3) subjected to 10 cycles (20 weeks) of GM9505P Cycle J or to GM9540P, test duration D. After cycling, the tubing shall exceed a pressure test of 14 MPa for tubing through 10.0 mm OD or 7 MPa for tubing over 10 mm OD. In order for this test to be valid, there cannot be corrosion from inside out that causes a failure in the pressure test. Therefore, it is recommended that the tube fittings be fastened into a solid block of aluminum, to keep the system closed during exposure.
Ayr\u0131ca, ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n fonksiyonelliklerini bas\u0131n\u00e7 testi s\u0131ras\u0131nda korumak amac\u0131yla bu par\u00e7alar\u0131n bir mum ile s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz hale getirilmesi kabul edilebilir.
Bu testin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in kabul edilebilir minimum frekans, tedarik\u00e7i ve GM Tedarik\u00e7i \u0130rtibat Ki\u015fisi taraf\u0131ndan kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 ve \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k PPAP g\u00f6nderimi i\u00e7inde belgelenmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"GM123M<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"GM123M<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"GM123M<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
3.5.6.2 \u00c7inko-Al\u00fcminyum Ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u2013 Ekstr\u00fcde Nylon 11 veya 12 (GN).<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

B\u0131\u00e7ak Kesimi ve D\u00f6ng\u00fcsel Korozyon Testi GM9505P, D\u00f6ng\u00fc J, 10 d\u00f6ng\u00fc (20 hafta). Standart ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131 ile d\u00fcz boru kullan\u0131l\u0131r; borunun orta k\u0131sm\u0131na paralel \u00e7izgiler \u00e7izilir; \u00e7izgi uzunlu\u011fu 4 cm, aralar\u0131ndaki mesafe 2,4 \u00b1 0,1 mm olur. \u00c7izimden sonra 24 saat i\u00e7inde GM9505P standard\u0131na g\u00f6re D\u00f6ng\u00fc J\u2019ye uygun olarak 10 d\u00f6ng\u00fc (20 hafta) s\u00fcren d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel korozyon testi uygulan\u0131r. Test sonras\u0131, 10,0 mm\u2019ye kadar d\u0131\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 borular i\u00e7in bas\u0131n\u00e7 dayan\u0131m\u0131 14 MPa\u2019yi, 10 mm\u2019den b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u0131\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 borular i\u00e7in ise 7 MPa\u2019y\u0131 a\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu testin ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u00e7ten d\u0131\u015fa do\u011fru korozyon olu\u015fmamal\u0131 ve bu korozyonun bas\u0131n\u00e7 testinde ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa neden olmamas\u0131 gerekir. Bu nedenle, sistemin test s\u0131ras\u0131nda kapal\u0131 kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla boru ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n al\u00fcminyumdan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sa\u011flam bir blo\u011fa sabitlenmesi \u00f6nerilir.
Ayr\u0131ca, ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n fonksiyonelliklerini bas\u0131n\u00e7 testi s\u0131ras\u0131nda korumak amac\u0131yla bu par\u00e7alar\u0131n bir mum ile s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz hale getirilmesi kabul edilebilir.
Sonu\u00e7lar, m\u00fchendislik onay\u0131 i\u00e7in sunumla birlikte raporlanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.6 Form, Boyut ve Kalite.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Otomotiv \u00e7elik borular\u0131 ticari olarak yuvarlak, p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz ve i\u015flenmeyi veya kullan\u0131m \u00f6zelliklerini bozacak pas ya da kusurlardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Borunun d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ap\u0131nda olu\u015fan bir eklem kabart\u0131s\u0131, bireysel al\u0131c\u0131larla yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmalarla kabul edilebilir. Ancak bu kabart\u0131, d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ap tolerans\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmamal\u0131 ve flaring (a\u00e7ma) i\u015flemine veya s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na engel olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 y\u00fczeyde kabart\u0131 olu\u015fumu izin verilir ancak iyi kaynak veya lehimleme uygulamalar\u0131na uygun \u015fekilde minimum d\u00fczeyde tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Belirli uzunluklar belirtildi\u011finde, borular makul \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fcz olmal\u0131 ve u\u00e7lar\u0131 kenar d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fclerinden (keskin kenarlar) ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.6.1 Hidrolik fren hatt\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lacak borular\u0131n i\u00e7 temizli\u011fi, ASTM A254, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 8 \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00fczey Temizli\u011fi y\u00f6ntemine g\u00f6re belirlenen maksimum 0,20 g\/m\u00b2 i\u00e7 y\u00fczey alan\u0131 de\u011ferini a\u015fmamal\u0131d\u0131r.
3.6.2 T\u00fcm kaplamalar, borular\u0131n normal \u015fekillendirme, ta\u015f\u0131ma ve depolama ko\u015fullar\u0131na dayanabilmeli; \u00e7atlamaya, pul pul d\u00f6k\u00fclmeye veya alt metal y\u00fczeyinden ayr\u0131lmaya kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7li olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fleme ve ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fan boyuna veya \u00e7evresel parlakl\u0131k kabul edilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.7 \u00d6zel Gereksinimler.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Boyutlar, y\u00fczey i\u015flemleri, fiziksel \u00f6zellikler veya uygulamalarla ilgili \u00f6zel gereksinimler, tedarik\u00e7i ile al\u0131c\u0131 aras\u0131nda kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.8 Ambalaj ve \u0130\u015faretleme.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Malzeme, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n belirtti\u011fi \u015fekilde sevk edilecektir. Konteynerler, tedarik\u00e7inin ad\u0131 ve adresi, malzeme spesifikasyon numaras\u0131 ve ad\u0131, sat\u0131n alma sipari\u015f numaras\u0131, net a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ve al\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirtilen di\u011fer bilgilerle okunakl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde i\u015faretlenecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4 \u00dcretim S\u00fcreci<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Uygulanmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5 Kurallar ve Y\u00f6netmelikler<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

5.1 Bu spesifikasyona g\u00f6re tedarik edilen t\u00fcm malzemeler, GMW3001 Malzeme Spesifikasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in Kurallar ve Y\u00f6netmelikler\u2019e uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
5.2 Bu spesifikasyona g\u00f6re tedarik edilen t\u00fcm malzemeler, GMW3059 \u2013 Par\u00e7alar \u0130\u00e7in S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ve Bildirim Gerektiren Maddeler standartlar\u0131na uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6 Onayl\u0131 Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bu spesifikasyon i\u00e7in m\u00fchendislik niteli\u011fine sahip onayl\u0131 bir kaynaktan al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu spesifikasyon numaras\u0131 alt\u0131nda GM Malzeme Dosyas\u0131\u2019nda (yani MATSPC) listelenen kaynaklar, m\u00fchendislik taraf\u0131ndan bu spesifikasyonun gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131 do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Ek A \u2013 Otomotiv \u00c7elik T\u00fcp\u00fcne Uygulanan \u00c7ift Katmanl\u0131 Kaplaman\u0131n Kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00d6l\u00e7me Y\u00f6ntemi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A1 Kapsam<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bu prosed\u00fcr, belirtilen minimum kaplama kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na uygunlu\u011fu belirlemek ve \u00fcretimde kaplama kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 izlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ekipmanlarla korelasyon kurmak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kaplama sistemi, i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyi a\u00e7\u0131ktan (bare) veya Ni kaplamal\u0131 olan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu \u00e7elik boru alt tabakas\u0131ndan ve d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyi Zn-Al ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile kaplanm\u0131\u015f, ard\u0131ndan al\u00fcminyum zengini epoksi kaplama veya ekstr\u00fcde Nylon 11 ya da 12 kaplama uygulanm\u0131\u015f bir yap\u0131dan olu\u015fur. Bu y\u00fczey i\u015flemlerine GM123M\/GM124M standard\u0131nda Tablo 1\u2019de (GE), (GN) veya (Ni) olarak belirtilen tan\u0131mlamalar alt\u0131nda yer verilmi\u015ftir. Bu prosed\u00fcr, belirtilen minimum kaplama kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na uygunlu\u011fu belirlemek ve \u00fcretimde kaplama kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 izlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ekipmanlarla korelasyon kurmak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kaplama sistemi, i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyi a\u00e7\u0131ktan (bare) veya Ni kaplamal\u0131 olan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu \u00e7elik boru alt tabakas\u0131ndan ve d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyi Zn-Al ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile kaplanm\u0131\u015f, ard\u0131ndan al\u00fcminyum zengini epoksi kaplama veya ekstr\u00fcde Nylon 11 ya da 12 kaplama uygulanm\u0131\u015f bir yap\u0131dan olu\u015fur. Bu y\u00fczey i\u015flemlerine GM123M\/GM124M standard\u0131nda Tablo 1\u2019de (GE), (GN) veya (Ni) olarak belirtilen tan\u0131mlamalar alt\u0131nda yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A2 Referans Al\u0131nan Standartlar<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

GM123M
GM124M<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A3 Kullan\u0131lan Ekipmanlar<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A3.1 Metalografik mikroskop.
A3.2 Metalurjik parlatma ekipmanlar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A4 \u00d6rnek Haz\u0131rlama<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kaplama minimum kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na uygunlu\u011fun belirlenmesi amac\u0131yla boru birka\u00e7 enine kesim noktas\u0131ndan kesilmelidir. Kesimler kenarlar\u0131 al\u0131nmal\u0131, temizlenmeli ve kurutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Her kesim ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 al\u00fcminyum folyo ile sar\u0131lmal\u0131 ve folyo par\u00e7an\u0131n konturuna parmaklarla bast\u0131r\u0131larak oturtulmal\u0131d\u0131r (Bkz. \u015eekil A1), ard\u0131ndan montaja haz\u0131r hale getirilmelidir. Tek kat folyo yeterlidir ve boru tamamen kaplanmal\u0131; folyo delinmemesine dikkat edilmelidir. Fazla k\u0131vr\u0131m ve \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmeler polisaj d\u00fczlemi \u00fczerinde kalmal\u0131d\u0131r. Montaj s\u0131ras\u0131nda her kesimin polisaj d\u00fczlemine dik olarak yerle\u015ftirildi\u011finden emin olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rnekler, dialilftalat gibi termoset toz malzeme ile bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda monte edilmelidir. Bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda montaj ayn\u0131 zamanda folyoyu kaplaman\u0131n konturuna s\u0131k\u0131ca oturtur; bu da m\u00fckemmel kenar tutma ve net tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir aray\u00fcz sa\u011flar. Montaj(lar), kenar ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in yava\u015f\u00e7a ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na so\u011futulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A5 \u0130\u015flem<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A5.1 Metalografik haz\u0131rlama.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

A5.1.1 Montajl\u0131 kesit, \u00f6nce 180, ard\u0131ndan 320 ve son olarak 600 tane a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 tanecik i\u00e7eren z\u0131mpara ka\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131yla s\u0131rayla \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr; bu i\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olarak bol miktarda su kullan\u0131l\u0131r. T\u00fcm \u00f6\u011f\u00fctme i\u015flemleri, kaplaman\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmesini en aza indirmek i\u00e7in hafif ila orta d\u00fczeyde bas\u0131n\u00e7la yap\u0131l\u0131r.
A5.1.2 Her \u00f6\u011f\u00fctme i\u015fleminden sonra montajl\u0131 numune, \u00f6nceki a\u015famada kullan\u0131lan daha iri taneli a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n temizlenmesi amac\u0131yla y\u0131kan\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, sonraki \u00f6\u011f\u00fctme ve parlatma tekerleklerinin kirlenmesini de \u00f6nler.
A5.1.3 Numune, daha yumu\u015fak kaplamalar\u0131n \u00e7ekilmesini en aza indirmek ve epoksi boya veya naylon ile \u00e7inko-al\u00fcminyum kaplama aray\u00fcz\u00fc ile \u00e7inko-al\u00fcminyum ile \u00e7elik aray\u00fcz\u00fc \u00fczerindeki s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmeyi \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla her z\u0131mparalama ad\u0131m\u0131ndan sonra 90 derece d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmelidir.
A5.1.4 Son z\u0131mparalama i\u015fleminden sonra numune iyice y\u0131kanmal\u0131, alkolle durulanmal\u0131 ve son parlatma i\u015flemi \u00f6ncesi kurutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.
A5.1.5 Son parlatma i\u015flemi kuma\u015f tekerler ve elmas parlatma bile\u015fenleri kullan\u0131larak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. \u00d6nerilen s\u0131ra \u015f\u00f6yledir: alt\u0131 mikron, ard\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7, bir ve 0,25 mikron. \u00c7iziksiz bir y\u00fczey elde edilmesi isteniyorsa son ad\u0131mda 0,05 mikron alumina s\u00fcspansiyonu kullan\u0131labilir. Ancak alumina alkalin \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterdi\u011finden \u00e7inko katman\u0131nda lekelenmeye neden olabilir ve bu da kaplama kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Bu nedenle kal\u0131nl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri tamamlanana kadar bu ad\u0131m atlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.
A5.1.6 Sadece son ad\u0131mda olu\u015fan \u00e7iziklerin giderilmesi i\u00e7in yeterli s\u00fcre boyunca orta d\u00fczeyde bas\u0131n\u00e7 uygulan\u0131r. Kaplaman\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bozulmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla numune her parlatma tekerinden sonra 90 derece d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.
A5.1.7 Her bir mikron s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki i\u015flemlerden sonra, \u00f6nceki ad\u0131mdan kaynaklanabilecek kirleticileri uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla numune y\u0131kan\u0131r; bu i\u015flem z\u0131mparalama dizisinde oldu\u011fu gibi yap\u0131l\u0131r. Parlatma i\u015flemi tamamland\u0131ktan sonra tutkal blo\u011fu hafif sabunlu suyla y\u0131kan\u0131r, durulan\u0131r ve metanol ile tamamen kurutulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A5.2 Metalografik \u0130nceleme & Kal\u0131nl\u0131k \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

A5.2.1 Haz\u0131rlanan numune metalografik mikroskop alt\u0131nda incelenerek tutkal blo\u011funun g\u00f6rece \u00e7iziksiz oldu\u011fu ve katmanlar\u0131n boruya iyi yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011frulan\u0131r. Her bir kaplama aray\u00fcz\u00fcnde mikroyap\u0131sal bile\u015fenlerin s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmesi veya s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmesi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n iyi kontrast g\u00f6zlemlenmelidir.
A5.2.2 Enine kesit al\u0131nan borunun \u00e7evresindeki iki katman\u0131n ve gerekti\u011finde i\u00e7 y\u00fczeydeki nikel katman\u0131n\u0131n net olarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilmesi i\u00e7in uygun bir b\u00fcy\u00fctme seviyesi se\u00e7ilir. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcmler genellikle 500\u00d7 veya 1000\u00d7 b\u00fcy\u00fctmede yap\u0131l\u0131r.
A5.2.3 Her bir katman\u0131n kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in uygun bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm retik\u00fcl\u00fc \u0131\u015f\u0131k yoluna yerle\u015ftirilir. Herhangi bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yap\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce retik\u00fcl, bilinen bir mikrometre \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi veya kayd\u0131rma plakas\u0131 ile kalibre edilir.
A5.2.4 Borunun \u00e7evresi d\u00f6rt ayr\u0131 kadran halinde b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. Al\u00fcminyum folyo sar\u0131m u\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kesi\u015fti\u011fi nokta 12 saat konumu olarak i\u015faretlenir. Buradan saat y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ilerleyerek s\u0131ras\u0131yla 3, 6 ve 9 saat konumlar\u0131 12 saat konumuna g\u00f6re i\u015faretlenir. Her bir kadran g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131ndan minimum kal\u0131nl\u0131k de\u011ferini de i\u00e7eren \u00fc\u00e7 rastgele okuma yap\u0131l\u0131r (\u015eekiller A2 ve A3\u2019e bak\u0131n\u0131z). Her bir kadran i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7er okuma, toplamda on iki okuma rapor edilir; bunlar \u00e7inko-al\u00fcminyum ve epoksi boya veya naylon katmanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ve gerekti\u011finde nikel kaplama i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir.
A5.2.5 T\u00fcm kal\u0131nl\u0131k de\u011ferleri kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131r ve GM123M\/GM124M standard\u0131n\u0131n ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcmleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Gereken minimum kal\u0131nl\u0131k de\u011ferleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kod<\/strong><\/td>GE\/P<\/strong><\/td>GN<\/strong><\/td>GE\/Ni<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
 \u00c7inko-al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 (en az \u03bcm)<\/td> 3,0<\/td> 3,0<\/td> 3,0<\/td><\/tr>
 Al\u00fcminyum zengin epoksi boya (en az \u03bcm)<\/td> 3,0<\/td> –<\/td> 3,0<\/td><\/tr>
 Nylon 11 veya 12 (min \u03bcm)<\/td> –<\/td> 150<\/td> –<\/td><\/tr>
 Nikel<\/td> –<\/td> –<\/td> 3,0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\u015eekil
\u015eekil A1: Montaj \u00d6ncesi Boru Kesitine Sar\u0131lan Folyo G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc. K\u0131smi S\u0131kma (Kesik \u00c7izgi Alan\u0131) Enine Y\u00fczey ve Z\u0131mparalanma<\/strong>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\u015eekil
\u015eekil A2: Kadranlar ve Kal\u0131nl\u0131k \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm Noktalar\u0131yla Boru Kesiti G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc. Bireysel Film Katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n Tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in \u015eekil A3\u2019e Bak\u0131n\u0131z (E\u015fmerkezli Daireler ve Harf \u0130\u015faretleriyle Belirtilmi\u015ftir).<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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\u015eekil A3: Metalografik Numune Haz\u0131rlamas\u0131 Sonras\u0131 G\u00f6sterilen Bireysel Filmlerin Patlam\u0131\u015f G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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