{"id":3377,"date":"2017-08-22T12:31:34","date_gmt":"2017-08-22T04:31:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/?p=3377"},"modified":"2026-04-17T22:32:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T14:32:21","slug":"sae-j527-brazed-double-wall-low-carbon-steel-tubing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/vi\/sae-j527-brazed-double-wall-low-carbon-steel-tubing\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p hai l\u1edbp v\u00e1ch h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE J527"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1. Ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>\u2014Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p carbon th\u1ea5p hai l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng, d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u00f4 t\u00f4, l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i chung , \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n, loe \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ea1o g\u1edd, t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1 C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng\u2014C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c, phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u SAE s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1.1 T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U SAE\u2014C\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1ea1i Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u00d4 t\u00f4 (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
SAE J1677\u2014C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon th\u1ea5p theo SAE v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng\u2013niken
2.1.2 T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U ASTM\u2014C\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1ea1i Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Hoa K\u1ef3 (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
ASTM A 254\u2014Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n (brazed) b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o li\u00ean quan\u2014C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0
ph\u1ea7n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2.1 T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U C\u1ee6A SAE\u2014C\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1ea1i SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
SAE J409\u2014Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u2014C\u00e1c sai l\u1ec7ch cho ph\u00e9p so v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb luy\u1ec7n
ho\u1eb7c Th\u00e9p \u0111\u00fac
SAE J512\u2014\u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng \u00f4 t\u00f4
SAE J513\u2014\u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng l\u1ea1nh\u2014Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chung
SAE J514\u2014\u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c
SAE J516\u2014\u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng m\u1ec1m th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c
SAE J533\u2014C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u loe cho \u1ed1ng
SAE J1065\u2014X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cho \u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n
SAE J1290\u2014H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phanh th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c \u00f4 t\u00f4\u2014K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t
SAE J1453\u2014Ki\u1ec3u n\u1ed1i gio\u0103ng O-ring ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac m\u1eb7t<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/a><\/strong>\u2014\u1ed0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai d\u1ea3i th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng \u1ed1ng
\u1ed1ng hai l\u1edbp, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u1ecbt k\u00edn b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.
L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng thi\u00eau k\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u1ea1o g\u1edd (bead) \u1edf c\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t trong l\u1eabn m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng
lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng cu\u1ed9n ho\u1eb7c thanh th\u1eb3ng. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c
\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai b\u00ean nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 dung sai<\/strong>\u2014C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh danh ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng
c\u00e1c dung sai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong B\u1ea3ng 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea2NG 1\u2014K\u00cdCH TH\u01af\u1edaC \u1ed0NG V\u00c0 DUNG SAI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ee1 Dash<\/strong><\/th>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng<\/strong>
<\/th>		\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/strong>
<\/th>		Dung sai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i<\/strong><\/th>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/th>\u0110\u1ed9 sai l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
<\/td>mm<\/td>mm<\/td> mm<\/td> mm<\/td> mm<\/td><\/tr>
-2<\/td>3.18<\/td>3.18<\/td>0.05<\/td>0.64<\/td>0.13<\/td><\/tr>
-3<\/td>4.76<\/td>4.78<\/td>0.08<\/td>0.71<\/td>0.08<\/td><\/tr>
-4<\/td>6.35<\/td>6.35<\/td>0.08<\/td>0.71<\/td>0.08<\/td><\/tr>
-5<\/td>7.94<\/td>7.92<\/td>0.08<\/td>0.71<\/td>0.08<\/td><\/tr>
-6<\/td>9.53<\/td>9.53<\/td>0.08<\/td>0.71<\/td>0.08<\/td><\/tr>
-7<\/td>11.11<\/td>11.13<\/td>0.1<\/td>0.76<\/td>0.08<\/td><\/tr>
-8<\/td>12.7<\/td>12.7<\/td>0.1<\/td>0.89<\/td>0.09<\/td><\/tr>
-9<\/td>14.29<\/td>14.27<\/td>0.1<\/td>0.89<\/td>0.09<\/td><\/tr>
-10<\/td>15.88<\/td>15.88<\/td>0.1<\/td>0.89<\/td>0.09<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n n\u00e0o.<\/em>
qua \u1ed1ng.<\/em>
2. C\u00e1c dung sai n\u00eau tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch t\u1ed1i \u0111a cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o.<\/em>
3. C\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/em>
4. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh trung gian, dung sai \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.1 T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng \u2014 \u1ed0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1eaft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf: c\u1eaft m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, c\u1eaft hai l\u1ea7n, c\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng c\u01b0a v\u00e0 c\u1eaft xoay. C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00eam s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua.
5.2 \u0110\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u2014 C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5u tay, d\u1ea5u khu\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ebft l\u00f5m n\u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong dung sai quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nh\u1eb9 \u1edf m\u00e9p v\u00e1t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ngo\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng hai l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng k\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u00edn ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb5n m\u1ecbn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebft kh\u00eda, v\u1ebft l\u00f5m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/strong>\u2014\u1ed0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb th\u00e9p carbon th\u1ea5p, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 UNS G10080 ho\u1eb7c UNS G10100.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/strong>\u2014\u1ed0ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong B\u1ea3ng 2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea2NG 2\u2014T\u00cdNH CH\u1ea4T C\u01a0 H\u1eccC<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/th>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
 \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng 0,2%)<\/td> 170 MPa<\/td><\/tr>
 \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/td>290 MPa<\/td><\/tr>
 \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 50 mm<\/td> 14% t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/td><\/tr>
 \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng (thang Rockwell 30 T), t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/td>65<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

8. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng<\/a><\/strong>\u2014\u1ed0ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t sau \u0111\u00e2y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo quy tr\u00ecnh trong SAE J1677 ho\u1eb7c ASTM A 254 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8.1 Th\u1eed u\u1ed1n \u2014 SAE J1677 JAN1996 (M\u1ee5c 5.3)
8.2 Th\u1eed loe \u2014 SAE J1677 JAN1996 (M\u1ee5c 5.5.2)
8.3 Th\u1eed ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u2014 SAE J1677 JAN1996 (M\u1ee5c 5.8). \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (trong \u0111\u00f3 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u = 140 MPa (80% gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t).
8.4 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u2014 SAE J1677 JAN1996 (M\u1ee5c 5.9)
8.5 Th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng\u2014SAE J1677 JAN1996 (M\u1ee5c 5.6)
8.6 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u1eb9t\u2014SAE J1677 JAN1996 (M\u1ee5c 5.1)
8.7 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e9o\u2014SAE J1677 JAN1996 (M\u1ee5c 5.7)
8.8 \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong\u2014ASTM A 254 Th\u00e1ng Ba 1997 (M\u1ee5c 8)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong>\u2014Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn mua h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/a><\/strong>\u2014B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t sau c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 tern, m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm, s\u01a1n epoxy, v.v.) c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. Bao b\u00ec<\/a><\/strong>\u2014\u1ed0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i sao cho c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd do th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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