{"id":3410,"date":"2018-03-24T01:41:04","date_gmt":"2018-03-23T17:41:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/?p=3410"},"modified":"2026-10-05T13:03:20","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T05:03:20","slug":"sae-j1677-tests-procedures-carbon-steel-alloy-steel-tubing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/vi\/sae-j1677-tests-procedures-carbon-steel-alloy-steel-tubing\/","title":{"rendered":"SAE J1677 C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p cacbon v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. PH\u1ea0M VI \u00c1P D\u1ee4NG<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p cacbon v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c 2.1.1. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5 trong c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE J t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y theo ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1.1 C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u SAE<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1ea1i SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, \u0110T: 877-606-7323 (trong Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Canada) ho\u1eb7c 724-776-4970 (ngo\u00e0i Hoa K\u1ef3), www.sae.org.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p carbon h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon th\u1ea5p h\u00e0n, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 loe b\u1eb1ng flash, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n, loe k\u00e9p v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o g\u1edd theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE J356<br>SAE J518\u2014\u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng m\u1ec1m th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3u m\u1eb7t b\u00edch chia l\u00e0m hai n\u1eeda, b\u1ed1n bu-l\u00f4ng<br>SAE J524\u2014\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p carbon h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon th\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 loe<br>SAE J525\u2014\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p carbon h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon th\u1ea5p h\u00e0n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 loe<br>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p h\u00e0n theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE J526<br>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p hai l\u1edbp v\u00e1ch h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE J527<br>SAE J533 \u2014 C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u loe cho \u1ed1ng<br>SAE J1065 \u00c1p su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tham chi\u1ebfu danh ngh\u0129a cho \u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p<br>SAE J1453-1 Quy c\u00e1ch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho b\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i ki\u1ec3u gio\u0103ng O-ring ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac m\u1eb7t: Ph\u1ea7n 1\u2014Chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<br>SAE J1453-2 Quy c\u00e1ch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho b\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i ki\u1ec3u gio\u0103ng O-ring ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac m\u1eb7t: Ph\u1ea7n 2\u2014Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i, v\u00e1ch ng\u0103n, kh\u1edbp xoay, \u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ren h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t ISO 6149-2<br>SAE J1453-3 Quy c\u00e1ch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho b\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i ki\u1ec3u gio\u0103ng O-ring ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac m\u1eb7t: Ph\u1ea7n 3\u2014Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i, v\u00e1ch ng\u0103n, kh\u1edbp xoay, \u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, b\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i, n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ren inch SAE J1926-2<br>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p carbon SAE 1021 h\u00e0n, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 loe b\u1eb1ng flash, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n, loe v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o g\u1edd theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE J2435<br>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p carbon SAE 1021 h\u00e0n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 loe theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE J2467<br>\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p carbon d\u00f9ng chung theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE J2592\u2014Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p carbon<br>\u1ed0ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u00e0n, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 loe b\u1eb1ng flash, \u1ee7 d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n, loe k\u00e9p v\u00e0 u\u1ed1n theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE J2613<br>\u1ed0ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u00e0n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i, \u1ee7 d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 loe theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE J2614&nbsp;<br>\u1ed0ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao (\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o 690 MPa) h\u00e0n, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 loe b\u1eb1ng flash, \u1ee7 kh\u1eed \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 loe k\u00e9p theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE J2832&nbsp;<br>\u1ed0ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao (\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o 690 MPa) h\u00e0n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i, \u1ee7 kh\u1eed \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 loe theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE J2833<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1.2 C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ASTM<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1ea1i ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, H\u1ed9p th\u01b0 C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, \u0110T:&nbsp;610-832-9585, www.astm.org.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ASTM A 370 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u01a1 t\u00ednh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p<br>ASTM A 450\/A 450M Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chung cho \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p cacbon, th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim ferit v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim austenit<br>ASTM E 8 \u2013 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed k\u00e9o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i<br>ASTM E 8M \u2013 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed k\u00e9o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i [Metric]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o li\u00ean quan<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2.1 C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a SAE<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1ea1i SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, \u0110T: 877-606-7323 (trong Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Canada) ho\u1eb7c 724-776-4970 (ngo\u00e0i Hoa K\u1ef3), www.sae.org.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SAE J514\u2014\u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c<br>SAE J1290 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phanh th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c \u00f4 t\u00f4\u2014K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t<br>Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb SAE J2551 cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kim lo\u1ea1i trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<br>B\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u00f4ng tin SAE J2593 v\u1ec1 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<br>B\u1ed9 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kim lo\u1ea1i theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE J2658 cho truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung\u2014Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho b\u1ed9 \u1ed1ng kim lo\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng trong truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2.2 C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ISO<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1ea1i ANSI, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, \u0110T: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ISO 2944 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c \u2014 \u00c1p su\u1ea5t danh \u0111\u1ecbnh<br>ISO 3304 \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01a1n \u2014 \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt giao h\u00e0ng<br>ISO 3305 \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01a1n \u2014 \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt giao h\u00e0ng<br>ISO 4397 B\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn li\u00ean quan \u2014 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i danh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh trong danh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng m\u1ec1m<br>ISO 4399 B\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn li\u00ean quan \u2014 \u00c1p su\u1ea5t danh \u0111\u1ecbnh<br>ISO 4406 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c\u2014Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng\u2014Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e3 h\u00f3a m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t r\u1eafn<br>ISO 5598 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c\u2014Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<br>ISO 6162-1 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c\u2014B\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t b\u00edch c\u00f3 k\u1eb9p m\u1eb7t b\u00edch d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c li\u1ec1n kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 v\u00edt ren h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c inch\u2014Ph\u1ea7n 1: B\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t b\u00edch d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 3,5 MPa (35 bar) \u0111\u1ebfn 35 MPa (350 bar), DN 13 \u0111\u1ebfn DN127<br>ISO 6162-2 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c\u2014B\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t b\u00edch c\u00f3 k\u1eb9p m\u1eb7t b\u00edch d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c li\u1ec1n kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 v\u00edt ren h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c inch\u2014Ph\u1ea7n 2: B\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t b\u00edch d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 35 MPa (350 bar) \u0111\u1ebfn 40 MPa (400 bar), DN 13 \u0111\u1ebfn DN 51<br>ISO 6605 C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p th\u1eed v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<br>ISO 8434-1 C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng kim lo\u1ea1i cho truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung\u2014Ph\u1ea7n 1: B\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i si\u1ebft g\u00f3c 24\u00b0<br>ISO 8434-2 C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng kim lo\u1ea1i cho truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung\u2014Ph\u1ea7n 2: B\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i loe g\u00f3c 37\u00b0<br>ISO 8434-3 C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng kim lo\u1ea1i cho truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung\u2014Ph\u1ea7n 3: B\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i l\u00e0m k\u00edn m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng gio\u0103ng O-ring<br>ISO 8434-4 C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng kim lo\u1ea1i cho truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung\u2014Ph\u1ea7n 4: B\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i c\u00f4n g\u00f3c 24\u00b0 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00f2ng<br>ISO 10583 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng<br>ISO 10763 \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 h\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01a1n \u2014 K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c danh \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. TH\u1ee6 T\u1ee4C TH\u1eec NGHI\u1ec6M<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM A 370 &#8220;C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u01a1 t\u00ednh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p&#8221; ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n theo.<br>Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ASTM v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p th\u1eed n\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed1ng<br>b. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<br>c. Lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<br>d. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<br>e. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<br>f. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u2014 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u2014 l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m chung c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. M\u1eaaU TH\u1eec<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM A370 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u01a1 t\u00ednh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u01a1 t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eb5n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1eabu th\u1eed n\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ba via, khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c gia c\u00f4ng sai tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, m\u1eabu \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u1ed1ng ch\u01b0a tr\u1ea3i qua b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n gia c\u00f4ng n\u00e0o sau khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. TH\u1eec NGHI\u1ec6M HI\u1ec6U SU\u1ea4T<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u1eb9t<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 75 mm kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00e0o khi \u00e9p d\u1eb9t gi\u1eefa hai t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng ba l\u1ea7n chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111ang th\u1eed. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t&nbsp;\u1edf g\u00f3c 90\u00b0 so v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c v\u1ebft r\u00e1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t do khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u00e2y ra s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<br>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u00e9p d\u1eb9t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1eabu th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft d\u1ecdc theo hai ph\u00eda c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n, m\u1ed7i b\u00ean l\u1ec7ch 90\u00b0 so v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n. \u0110o\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u00e9p d\u1eb9t sao cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n n\u1eb1m t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m u\u1ed1n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u1ee9t, bong tr\u00f3c kim lo\u1ea1i, thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5u s\u00e2u m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n do ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n th\u1eeba (flash) t\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.3 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m u\u1ed1n<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u u\u1ed1n cong, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.4 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4n c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c t\u1eeb 0,1 \u0111\u1ebfn 1,0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i t\u0103ng l\u00ean 25% m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.5 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m loe \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.5.1 SAE J533: Lo\u1ea1i loe 37\u00b0 v\u00e0 45\u00b0<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.5.1.1 Lo\u1ea1i loe k\u00e9p \u2014 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p A<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1eaft vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e1t m\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o loe k\u00e9p \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00eau trong SAE J533. \u0110o\u1ea1n m\u1eabu th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c trong khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1eadp trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng song song v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng. Ph\u1ea7n loe th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong H\u00ecnh 1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"149\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Double-Flare-37-Degree-Method-A-150x149.jpg\" alt=\"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p loe k\u00e9p 37 \u0111\u1ed9 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p A\" class=\"wp-image-3415\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00ccNH 1 \u2013 \u1ed0NG LOE K\u00c9P G\u00d3C 37\u00b0 \u2013 PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P A<br>(THAM KH\u1ea2O: SAE J533)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.5.1.2 Lo\u1ea1i loe k\u00e9p \u2014 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p B<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1eaft vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e1t m\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o loe \u0111\u01a1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00eau trong SAE J533. \u0110o\u1ea1n m\u1eabu th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c trong khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1eadp trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng song song v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng. Ph\u1ea7n loe th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong H\u00ecnh 2 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00e0o, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p n\u1ebfu chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i v\u1ebft t\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 3,1 mm v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"136\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Double-Flare-37-Degree-Method-B-150x136.jpg\" alt=\"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p loe k\u00e9p 37 \u0111\u1ed9 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p B\" class=\"wp-image-3416\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00ccNH 2 \u2013 \u1ed0NG \u0110\u00d4I TH\u00c0NH C\u00d3 M\u0168I LOE 37\u00b0 \u2013 PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P B<br>(THAM KH\u1ea2O: SAE J533)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.5.1.3 Lo\u1ea1i loe \u0111\u01a1n<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1eaft vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e1t m\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o loe \u0111\u01a1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00eau trong SAE J533. \u0110o\u1ea1n m\u1eabu th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c trong khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1eadp trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng song song v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng. Ph\u1ea7n loe th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong H\u00ecnh 3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"113\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Single-Flare-45-Degree-150x113.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3420\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00ccNH 3 \u2013 \u1ed0NG \u0110\u01a0N TH\u00c0NH C\u00d3 M\u0168I LOE 37\u00b0<br>(THAM KH\u1ea2O: SAE J533)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.5.2 SAE J1453 ORFS v\u00e0 SAE J518: Lo\u1ea1i loe<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.5.2.1 Lo\u1ea1i loe k\u00e9p<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1eaft vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e1t m\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o loe k\u00e9p \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00eau trong SAE J1453 v\u00e0 SAE J518 Flares. \u0110o\u1ea1n m\u1eabu th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c trong khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1eadp trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng song song v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng. Ph\u1ea7n loe th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong H\u00ecnh 4 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"136\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Double-Flare-37-Degree-Method-B-150x136.jpg\" alt=\"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p loe k\u00e9p 37 \u0111\u1ed9 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p B\" class=\"wp-image-3416\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00ccNH 4 \u2013 \u0110\u1ea6U \u1ed0NG \u0110\u00d4I TH\u00c0NH LOE K\u00c9P THEO TI\u00caU CHU\u1ea8N ORFS<br>(THAM KH\u1ea2O: XEM SAE J1453 V\u00c0 SAE J518 LOE)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.5.2.2 Lo\u1ea1i loe \u0111\u01a1n<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1eaft vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e1t m\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o loe \u0111\u01a1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00eau trong SAE J1453 v\u00e0 SAE J518 Flares. \u0110o\u1ea1n m\u1eabu th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c trong khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1eadp trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng song song v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng. Ph\u1ea7n loe th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong H\u00ecnh 5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Orfs-Single-Flare-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"Orfs \u2013 Lo\u1ea1i loe \u0111\u01a1n\" class=\"wp-image-3418\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00ccNH 5 \u2013 \u0110\u1ea6U \u1ed0NG \u0110\u01a0N TH\u00c0NH LOE \u0110\u01a0N THEO TI\u00caU CHU\u1ea8N ORFS<br>(THAM KH\u1ea2O: XEM SAE J1453 V\u00c0 SAE J518 LOE)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.6 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed. Ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh danh ngh\u0129a nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1,7 mm. Lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.7 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e9o<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ASTM E 8 \u2014 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed k\u00e9o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c ASTM E 8M \u2014 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed k\u00e9o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i[Metric] ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.8 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu th\u1eed nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a v\u1ebft g\u00e3y n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch t\u00e2m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111o l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 19 mm, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng v\u1ea1ch k\u1ebb tr\u00ean m\u1eabu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.9 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng hai l\u1ea7n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tham chi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh to\u00e1n (t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 4:1). Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9ng minh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng n\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1eabu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c suy ra t\u1eeb ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE J1065 \u2013 \u00c1p su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tham chi\u1ebfu cho \u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c1p su\u1ea5t n\u1ed5 \u2013 Pb = Rm,min * In (D\/d)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c 1)<br>\u00c1p su\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9ng minh \u2212 Pp = Pb\/2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh 2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1edf \u0111\u00e2u:<br>Pb&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; l\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t n\u1ed5 t\u0129nh danh ngh\u0129a, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng MPa (m\u00eaga pascal)<br>Pp&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; l\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9ng minh danh ngh\u0129a, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng MPa (m\u00eaga pascal)<br>Rm, min&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<br>Trong&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; l\u00e0 logarit t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 log e<br>D&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng<br>d&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh trong danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 35 MPa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1ed1ng n\u00e0o tr\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 hai b\u00ean nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GHI CH\u00da: C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1eed danh ngh\u0129a suy ra ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho \u1ed1ng d\u00f9ng trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 50%. Khi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1eed danh ngh\u0129a cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 50%, c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00eau trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE J1065 \u2013 X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cho \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c, &#8220;Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c A&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.10 Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thay cho th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn chung, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y (nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y, r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c si\u00eau \u00e2m), c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt khi\u1ebfn \u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9ng minh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh. \u1ed0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00eau t\u1ea1i Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM A450\/A450M \u2013 \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chung cho \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p cacbon, th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim ferit v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim austenit, \u0110i\u1ec1u 24.10 \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Xem SAE J2592 \u2013 \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p cacbon d\u00f9ng chung \u2013 Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p cacbon \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" charset=\"utf-8\" src=\"http:\/\/w.sharethis.com\/widget\/?wp=7.1.2\"><\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. PH\u1ea0M VI \u00c1P D\u1ee4NG Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p cacbon v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c 2.1.1. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5 trong [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3410","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3410","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3410"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3410\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3410"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3410"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3410"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}